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Landscape & Garden Alerts

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2020 Apple Codling Moth, Second Generation

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella)

Posted on: July 14, 2020 by Nic Usabel

The second generation of codling moth will begin egg hatch this week. Current degree day models report 1072 DD as of July 12. Beginning egg hatch begins at 1100 DD, currently forecasted for July 14.

Rotate among insecticide classes between generations to prevent development of insecticide resistance. Reference publication links to view insecticide options for commercial or residential sites. Commercial products with the active ingredients including; spinetoram, acetamiprid, chlorantraniliprole, etc. Residential products with active ingredients including; lambda-cyhalothrin (restricted use pesticide), or esfenvalerate and Spinosad (general-use pesticides). Non-spray option is to bag the fruit.

This pest needs prevention all season long for clean fruit.

2020 Squash Bug

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Squash Bug (Anasa tristis)

Posted on: July 8, 2020 by Nic Usabel

Squash bugs have been reported in Canyon County by an Idaho Master Gardener and University of Idaho personnel. It is time to check the underside of cucurbit (pumpkins and squash are most attractive) leaves for the bronze colored egg clusters. In addition, monitor plants for nymphs, adults and plants wilting.

MANAGEMENT
Wooden boards, shingles, or heavy cardboard can be placed on the ground next to the host plant. Squash bugs tend to move under the board/object at night. In the morning, turn the boards over and destroy the pest.

Hand-pick and destroy adults, nymphs, or egg clusters. Other options include rolled duct tape around fingers to pull off egg clusters, cutting off the egg part of the leaf or applying petroleum jelly directly to the eggs. Increased success is achieved when started early in the season and done every 2 to 3 days to keep numbers low.

Cultural methods include sanitation, plating squash varieties that are more tolerant of squash bug feeding, crop rotation, and time of planting.

Additional control methods can be found in the publications linked below.

2020 Turfgrass Mowing Height & Watering

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Posted on: July 7, 2020 by Nic Usabel

MOWING
The weather will be warming and now is the time to check the mowing height at which your turfgrass is cut. Increasing the length of grass blade encourages a deeper root growth and provides more shade cover of the soil surface reducing water evaporation.

For summer mowing height Kentucky bluegrass and fine fescue are recommended to be maintained at 3 inches, perennial ryegrass at 2 inches, and tall fescue at 4 inches. Ensure that the mower blade is sharp and follow the one-third rule; remove no more than one-third of the leaf growth each mowing.

Grass clipping which are left on the lawn by mulching decompose quickly, feed soil organisms, recycle plant nutrients, and increase organic matter in the soil.

WATERING
The goal of irrigation is to keep the lawn healthy when rainfall is not dependable. The key is to moisten the top 12 inches of the root zone. Watering deeply (10 to 12 inches) but infrequently produces healthy turf. Practicing deep watering reduces weed populations, benefits landscape trees and shrubs, increases water use efficiency, and forces an exchange of soil atmosphere with each irrigation. Early morning is the best time to water.

Determining how deep irrigation water goes can be done by using a soil probe or shovel to check soil moisture the day after irrigation. At 10 to 12 inches deep the soil should feel slightly damp. If the soil feels dry at the 10- to 12-inch depth increase the duration of water application to fill the root zone. As weather conditions change adjust the frequency of irrigation to maintain plant available water in the root zone.

Identifying or knowing soil type will help to determine the frequency of water application, rate of water infiltration, and the soils water holding capacity. For example, heavy clay soils have a greater water holding capacity, but have a slower infiltration rate (speed at which water enters the soil). These soils can be watered less frequently (once a week or less) and may need multiple application of water on day of watering to allow water to move into the soil. Sandy soils have less water holding capacity and a greater infiltration rate. These soils need to be watered more frequently to maintain comparable turf.

For a more calculated approach to water application reference the publication links below.

2020 Fire Blight on Ornamental Trees

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Caused by bacterium Erwinia amylovora

Posted on: July 1, 2020 by Nic Usabel

Spring conditions have amplified the effects of fire blight bacterium in not only pear fruit and apple fruit, but ornamental plants in the Rose family. Plants which may show damage include crabapple, flowering pear, pyracantha, hawthorn, cotoneaster, mountain ash, and other related plants. Current observations note widespread affects in the ornamental apples and ornamental pears.

Damage is typically noticed when twigs wilt and die. The tip of the plant growth exhibits a shepherd’s crook. Symptoms seen later in the season include progressive wilting of the branch as the bacterial canker advances down the stem.

For cultural control immediately prune out and destroy infected tissues. Make pruning cuts at least 6-8 inches below the infected tissues. Sterilize pruning tool(s) between cuts using 70% alcohol or 10% bleach solution.

Other control methods to reduce inflammation of fire blight are to avoid over fertilizing with nitrogen, to not sprinkle irrigate susceptible plants, and inspect plants carefully for cankers or blighted twigs during dormancy.

The best management of fire blight is to select ornamental trees which are resistant to the bacterium. Reference the Pacific Northwest Handbook links below for additional information.

https://pnwhandbooks.org/plantdisease/cultivar-tables/crabapple-cultivar-susceptibility

2020 Fruit Thinning

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Posted on: June 11, 2020 by Nic Usabel

Fruits which are crowded should be thinned. Apples, pears, Asian pears, apricots, plums, and peaches all respond positively to thinning. Cherries and nut trees are usually not thinned. Thinning fruit will 1) increase fruit size, 2) improve the trees productivity in the year to come, and 3) reduce limb breakage as fruits begin to size. Too many fruits on a tree translates into small fruit that is often of poor quality.

General rules for thinning: 1) The earlier the better, 2) remove smaller fruits and leave the larger ones, 3) remove fruits with disease spots, hail damage, or other defects, 4) aim for even spacing.

General guidelines by fruit – see links below for additional detail.

Apples & pears: Almost always need thinning. Should be thinned to one per spur with a good spacing of one fruit per 6” of branch. Asian pears spaced at one fruit per 6-8” of branch. Be careful not to break off spurs while thinning – spurs produce flowers and fruit for many years if not broken. Recommend to thin apples within 40 days of full bloom and pears within 60 days of full bloom.

Peaches & nectarines: Should be spaced at one fruit per 6-8” of branch. Fruits that are joined should be removed. Recommend to thin peaches about 70 days past full bloom.

Plums: Should be thinned to have spacing at 6” between fruit along the branch.

Apricots: If tree experiences heavy fruit set thin fruit spaced to 3” along branch.

If you are new to the orchard, know that trees will exhibit “June Drop” which is when the tree will naturally drop fruit. Some prefer to wait until this event happens to thin, however there are great advantages to thinning early. More details can be found in the links below.

2020 Peachtree Borer

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Peachtree Borer (Synanthedon exitiosa)

Posted on: June 10, 2020 by Nic Usabel

Peachtree bores have been caught in traps, maintained by Idaho Master Gardeners, in Middleton and Nampa. This pest is a concern for stone fruits: Peach, nectarine, apricot, cherry, and plum. Key symptoms of peachtree borer infestation is the presence of sawdust and frass mixed with the gummy substance near the base of the trunk. Prevention is the best method of control.

Larvae injure the fruit tree primarily by burrowing into the tree trunks just at or below the soil line but may enter trunk up to 12” above the soil line. Larvae feed in the cambium beneath the bark girdling the tree.

Chemical Control, Home Use: For orchards less than 1 acre, or for home yard trees, preventative trunk sprays are the primary control. Apply the first application immediately after first trap catch and repeat application based on product label guidelines. Follow the required pre-harvest interval (time between last application and allowed harvest of fruit) of insecticide product. Apply insecticide as a bark drench at a rate of ½ to 1 gallon of spray mix per tree. Thoroughly cover the lower 12 inches of trunk and soak the ground at the base of tree. Do not allow the sprays to contact fruit. For chemical option review the PNW handbook link below.

Chemical Control, Commercial: Reference the PNW handbook link below to see spring and summer application recommendations.

Cultural Control: Larvae inside the trunks can be killed by inserting a wire into entry holes. Kill larvae in the late summer and fall before they spend the winter and inflict their most extensive feeding damage the following spring. Keep base of tree free of vegetation – heat and dryness reduce the survival of eggs and larvae.

2020 Peach Twig Borer

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Peach Twig Borer (Anarsia lineatella)

Posted on: June 4, 2020 by Nic Usabel

Management of the peach twig borer, based on degree days and trap catches, will take place June 5 – June 10. This pest is a concern for those growing peach, nectarine, apricot, plum and prune. Adult moths are 0.3 – 0.5 inches long, with light and dark gray mottled wings. Scales on the front of head cause the head to appear pointed. The larva is a caterpillar, about 0.5 inch long, with a dark brown head and distinctive, alternating light and dark bands on the body.

Larvae injure fruit trees by feeding on the buds and twigs early in the season, then the larvae bore into the shoots, causing a characteristic "flagging" or wilting of the new growth. Later generations of larvae feed within shoots or even on the fruit itself. Flagging of twigs indicates an infestation.

For chemical control management options review the PNW Handbook link below to select a control option appropriate for operation. Apply according to label directions.

For cultural controls prune out shoot strikes in the late spring and early summer as soon as they are detected to prevent these larvae from completing development and contributing to summer generations of the pest. If old shoot strikes are observed during pruning in late winter to early spring, plan to apply early season controls. Old strikes hold onto the dead leaves and appear as “flagged” terminals.

2020 Western Cherry Fruit Fly - ISDA

Tree Fruits    Treasure Valley

Western Cherry Fruit Fly (Rhagoletis indifferens)

Posted on: May 29, 2020 by Paul Castrovillo, Ph.D.

On May 28 the first 2020 Western Cherry Fruit Fly captured in an Idaho State
Department of Agriculture WCFF trap was reported from Canyon County.
Historically we expect to find WCFF in Gem County traps about a week after
the first one is found in Canyon County.

Online phenology and degree-day models for WCFF predicted first flight on
May 24 in Ontario, May 27 in Caldwell and Emmett, May 28 in Parma and Boise
and May 30 in Nampa.

If treatment for WCFF is not already underway it should begin now.

For more information contact Paul Castrovillo at
paul.castrovillo@isda.idaho.gov or call 208-332-8627.

2020 Sequoia Pitch Moth in Pines

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Sequoia Pitch Moth in Pines (Synanthedon sequoia)

Posted on: May 28, 2020 by Nic Usabel

The sequoia pitch moth (SPM) has been found in traps. Austrian pine, scotch pine, and other ornamental pines serve as host for the SPM. Primarily found in the truck and large branches where larvae feed on cambium tissue and sapwood. Larvae are found within large resin masses on bark or in a bark notch behind the resin mass.

Damage is primarily aesthetic causing unsightly resin masses on trees. Some trees may experience limb dieback, tree stress or tree death in severe cases. Trees under attack are almost always previously stressed.

There are no recommended insecticide control options for SPM. Management is gained with cultural control; properly plant and keep trees healthy, pick resin masses from the tree and crush larvae within. Avoid pruning or injuring trees April through August while adults are active.

2020 Western Cherry Fruit Fly

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Western Cherry Fruit Fly (Rhagoletis indifferens)

Posted on: May 22, 2020 by Nic Usabel

A western cherry fruit fly sample was identified during the University of Idaho Extension, Canyon County Master Gardener plant clinic on May 22. Western cherry fruit fly adults are about 0.2 inch long. They have brownish to black wings with dark bands. White maggots infest cherries. The mature maggot makes a hole in the cherry as it exits. Flies overwinter as pupae in the soil.

Once the cherries start to blush (ripen to a salmon blush color) the fruits are susceptible to egg-laying by the adult females. Consider the maturity of the ripest fruit in the orchard when determining control methods. Spraying a product with the active ingredient kaolin can create a physical barrier that prevents females from laying eggs into the developing fruit. Follow label directions for application. For additional control options see the links below.

Current models indicate the degree days, as of May 21, between 1007 DD and 1030 DD depending on location. Forecasted degree days at 1060 DD is predicted to be May 24.

2020 Leafminer in Leafy Greens

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Leafminer (Liriomyza spp.)

Posted on: May 14, 2020 by Nic Usabel

The leafminer (Liriomyza spp.) can be destructive to beets, spinach, chard, and other leafy greens. Leafminer describes the larval stage of various insects but are most commonly those that feed on vegetables. The adults are small black to gray flies with yellow markings in order Diptera.

Leafminer larvae form visible tunnels (mines) as they feed within the leaf tissue affecting the market value of vegetables harvested for edible foliage. Larvae are nearly translucent white or yellow color and about 0.25 inch long when mature.

To control regularly check leaves for mines which are sometimes more visible on the underside. For home gardeners using floating row covers to exclude egg-laying females, removing and destroying infested leaves and preserving natural enemies (parasitic wasps) which help control leafminer populations. See links for additional management options for home and commercial use.

2020 Apple Codling Moth, First Generation Degree Day Update

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella)

Posted on: May 12, 2020 by Nic Usabel

Data as of May 11, current degree day was 187. Please reference the previous alert at http://pnwpestalert.net/alerts/index/2020-apple-codling-moth-first-generation for more detailed management options.

Options A, 200 DD: Forecasted degree day for May 12 is 195 and May 13 at 202.
Option B, 220 – 250 DD: Forecasted degree day for May 15 is 214 and May 18 at 249.

2020 Apple Codling Moth, First Generation

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella)

Posted on: May 8, 2020 by Nic Usabel

The first apple codling moths were trapped at the end of April (Biofix on April 25). Currently the degree day model is reporting 131 degree days (DD) as of May 7. There are different management options to consider when controlling this pest.

Option A: Starting at 200 DD, forecasted to be May 11, apply a mixture of water and horticultural oil at 1% concentration to smother egg infestation. Follow with first application of insecticide at 350 DD. Reapply insecticides based on the protection interval stated on the label.

Option B: Starting at 220-250 DD, forecasted to be May 14, apply insecticides that target newly hatched larvae. Reapply insecticides based on the protection interval stated on the label.

Reference publication links to view insecticide options for commercial or residential sites. Commercial products with the active ingredients including; spinetoram, acetamiprid, chlorantraniliprole, etc. Residential products with active ingredients including; lambda-cyhalothrin (restricted use pesticide), or esfenvalerate and Spinosad (general-use pesticides). Non-spray option is to bag the fruit.

This pest needs prevention all season long for clean fruit.

2020 Billbug Grub Control

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Billbug Grubs

Posted on: May 6, 2020 by Nic Usabel

The term grub is used to designate the larvae of lawn damaging insects. In Idaho, the most common and destructive is the billbug. There are four species of billbug in Idaho: Bluegrass, Rocky Mountain, Phoenix, and Hunting.

Current degree day modeling indicates that 30% of adult billbugs are present with a forecasted 50% adult billbug activity on May 23. If you commonly experience billbug damage, your neighborhood experiences billbug damage, or you have Kentucky Bluegrass this timeframe can be used to apply a systemic insecticide for controlling billbugs if you desire.

Nonchemical control methods include selecting turf varieties of tall fescue, fine fescue, and perennial ryegrass. Select endophytic cultivar(s) in which a fungus produces a compound toxic to grubs.

Systemic insecticide control is most effective. Choose a product that lists one of the following active ingredients: chlorantraniliprole, clothianidan, imidacloprid, or thiamethoxam. Follow label instructions to ensure safety and success.

2020 Peach Leaf Curl Detected

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Peach Leaf Curl (Taphrina deformans)

Posted on: May 4, 2020 by Nic Usabel

The Master Gardeners operating the University of Idaho Extension, Canyon County plant diagnostic clinic have identified samples of peach leaf curl. Peach leaf curl is caused by a fungus (Taphrina deformans) and there are no management options after infection has set in. Dispose of symptomatic leaves which fall to the ground. Control can be achieved in the fall with a single application of fungicides after 90% of leaves have fallen. A follow-up alert with control options will be sent in the fall.

Spores of this fungus overwinter on bark, twigs, and old infected leaves. Infection occurs through bud scales in mid- to late winter just as buds begin to swell. Slow growing shoots and leaves can be infected during cool and wet growing seasons. Maximum susceptibility is between bud break and petal fall.

2020 Lilac-Ash Borer

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Lilac-Ash Borer Podosesia syringae

Posted on: April 29, 2020 by Nic Usabel

The lilac-ash borer (Podosesia syringae), a clear-wing moth, can be a destructive pest of many species of ash (Fraxinus spp.), previt (Ligustrum spp.), lilac (Sryinga spp.).

The Lilac-ash borers have been caught in traps. Adults are short-lived and typically deposit all eggs within a week after emergence. The first spray should be applied 10-20 days after adult emergence, approximately May 5, before the larvae bore into the trunk. Spray should be applied to the trunk and larger limbs, follow label instructions for application and reapplication depending insecticide selected.

Primary insecticides include permethrin (group 3A), bifenthrin (group 3A) and endosulfan (restricted use; group 2A). Please note that imidacloprid (group 4A), a systemic insecticide, is ineffective against lilac-ash borer and should not be used.

Diversifying species in the landscape, maintaining optimum plant health, monitoring, and preventive sprays (if necessary) are the best methods for preventing infestations. Only preventative treatments exist.

2020 Fire Blight - Model Predicts Outbreak Conditions High April 28 - May 2

Apple    Treasure Valley

Fire Blight

Posted on: April 27, 2020 by Nic Usabel

Fire blight is a bacterial plant disease that causes infections through open flowers on apple and pear (Rosaceae family). Infections occur during warm, wet days.

Based on the model, there is a very high potential for infection on open blossoms April 28 – May 2. Fire blight is a disease that needs moisture (precipitation, dew) to cause infection. Higher upcoming temperatures increase the chance for infection with precipitation or dew moisture. Protect the blossoms of young trees and trees that had fire blight last year.

Monitor trees closely starting two weeks after bloom and prune out new infections immediately during dry conditions.

Refer to publications below for additional control methods for your application.

2020 Master Gardener Plant Giveaway - Donations Accepted

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Posted on: April 17, 2020 by Maria Held

Canyon County Master Gardeners are holding a Spring Plant Giveaway at Canyon Springs 1444 Cornell St, Middleton, and Fujishin Winery 15593 Sunny Slope Rd, Caldwell on Saturday April 25th from 9 AM to 1 PM.

Donations are appreciated and can be left at each neighborhood site in the donation jar.
Master Gardeners will not be available to interact with the public, but resource materials will be provided.
Please take only the plants that you will use.
Practice Social Distancing.
For variety information please use the link below.

Free Victory Garden Class 2020

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Posted on: April 9, 2020 by Maria Held

Are you or people you know thinking about starting or expanding your garden? University of Idaho Extension has updated and opened this online course for free public access for the rest of the year. This popular, family-friendly program is packed with instructional videos, activities, readings and more to help you grow, eat, and preserve food at home, while saving money! This program was created with love for our Idaho communities and gardeners, please share. http://bit.ly/IDVictoryGarden

2020 Peach Leaf Curl Delayed Dormant Spring Application

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Posted on: March 5, 2020 by Nic Usabel

If you experienced peach leaf curl during the 2019 growing season, a delayed dormant application before floral buds open is recommended. Spray with an approved copper-based fungicide at the rate listed on the product.

Selecting resistant cultivars offer the best option for backyard growers.

2020 Dormant Oil Spray on Fruit Trees

General Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Posted on: February 24, 2020 by Maria Held

With the unusually mild winter and expected warm temperatures this week the buds on fruit trees (especially apricot) are swelling. It is time to apply dormant oil after pruning the trees. This will prevent insect problems for the coming season like aphids and scale.

2019 Landscape & Garden Survey Gift Cards

Announcements    All Locations

Posted on: December 13, 2019 by Nic Usabel

Thank you to all who completed the 2019 Landscape & Garden Pacific Northwest Pest Alert Network Survey. The winners of the $75 gift cards to Texas Roadhouse are: Ken Patterson, Talisha Taylor, Owen Pipal. These gift certificates are being mailed to you.

Fall and Winter Watering

Landscape and Garden    All Locations

Posted on: November 18, 2019 by Maria Held

With no rainfall for a few weeks and none in the forecast make sure to water you landscape at least one more time before winter. It is important for anything planted this year especially trees and shrubs. This will give your plants the best possible start next spring and make them less susceptible to pests and diseases.

Canyon County Master Gardener Program 2020

Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley - Idaho

Posted on: October 30, 2019 by Maria Held

The Canyon County Master Gardener Program is now accepting applications for the 2020 Master Gardener Class! See the links below for an application packet and Horticultural Brochure. For more information contact the Canyon County Extension Office at 501 Main St., Caldwell, ID 83605; 208-459-6003; or ccmg@uidaho.edu

Fall spray for shothole disease and peach leaf curl

Landscape and Garden    Treasure Valley

Coryneum blight (shothole disease), Taphrina deformans (peach leaf curl)

Posted on: October 22, 2019 by Maria Held

Prevent new coryneum blight (shothole) infections this fall by applying copper to trees when 50% of the leaves have fallen. The disease affects all stone fruits but is mainly a concern in apricot, nectarine and peach.

As peach trees lose their leaves you need to spray for peach leaf curl if you experienced the disease this spring.

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