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Spring 2017 edition of Dig In Newsletter
Announcements All Locations
Posted on: May 2, 2017 by Rich Guggenheim
The Spring 2017 edition of the Dig In Newsletter is now available. To pick up a print copy, stop by the University of Idaho Extension Office at 501 Main St. in Caldwell.
ISDA Pesticide Disposal Program, 2017
Announcements Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: April 27, 2017 by Jerry Neufeld
ISDA will be hosting unusable pesticide collections in southwest and north Idaho in May 2017. Click on the pdf below for more information.
Yes, It is Robigalia, April 25th. The rust god is not appeased
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust in wheat
Posted on: April 26, 2017 by Juliet Marshall
BYD is being found on winter wheat and winter barley planted early in the fall 2016, and was worse in field planted without insecticidal seed treatments.
Stripe rust is starting in Idaho and the weather is very conducive to spread. Reports so far came Friday from Parma (on volunteer), yesterday from Twin Falls county on Everest hard red winter, and today - Power County on SY Ovation.
Parma (western Idaho) SR was found on lower and middle leaves. In Twin Falls county and Power county, SR was on middle to younger leaves. Crop is early jointing to late tillering.
The following is the report on stripe rust sent to my cereal pathology pest alert email group:
Did the the subject line catch your attention? Good.
Today is April 25th.
Robigalia!
from Anne Delgehausen, St. Paul, MN:
Screen Shot 2016-04-25 at 7.48.18 AM.png (SEE picture)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robigalia An ancient Roman festival held to appease the God of rust (Robigus or Robigo). The Roman’s celebrated Robigalia, an annual festival that, through sacrifices and feasting, and hoped to prevent rust from destroying the upcoming crop.
May the evidence of your victory over the
Puccinia
be abundant in your fields!
AS I did last year on this date, I am sending this reminder of the devastating diseases caused by the rust fungi (Puccinia) - specifically in this case, as usual, stripe rust, also called yellow rust
While we no longer sacrifice red dogs (or sheep or goats) to stop stem rust, we battle another Puccinia (Puccinia striiformis), stripe rust almost every year now. While I am not suggesting you switch to sacrificing YELLOW dogs, however, I am suggesting that you remain vigilant in your battles against the yield-robbing fungi that affect so many wheat varieties.
So Yes, this email is a reminder that stripe rust is continuing to spread in irrigated and dryland crops.
This weather is very conducive to the spread of stripe rust. With susceptible varieties of winter wheat, it is highly recommended that you add fungicides in with the herbicides. But there are legitimate concerns about phytotoxicity associated with tank mixing.
Some general recommendations:
1) Application of tank mixes of herbicides and fungicides may result in phytotoxicity when cold (frosty) temperatures follow application. The same applies, more for spring wheat, when hot temperatures follow applications.
2) High pressure applications (40 psi) may result in increased phytotoxicity over lower pressure applications (30 psi).
3) No additional surfactant should be used when wild oat herbicides (Axial XL, Axial Star, Discover) are mixed with fungicides.
4) Bromoxynil herbicides (such as Bronate Advanced, Starane NXT, Maestro Advanced) should not be mixed with strobilurin fungicides.
5) READ and follow all label directions.
Last year I called some of our reps from various companies, who offered the following information:
From Kelly Luff of Bayer Crop Science:
Stratego (4-5 oz rate) can be tank mixed with herbicides, but leave out NIS. (Absolute is not recommended in this market due to potential phytotoxicity. Stratego YLD is not recommended.)
Do not spray prior to high risk of frost or freezing temperatures. Optimum performance comes when applications are made when frost isn’t occurring for a few days after application. Herbicides mixed with MSO increases burn especially with frost after application.
From Allan Landon of Syngenta:
Quilt, Headline and Twinline can be mixed with herbicides, but do not add surfactants with the mix. Wild oat herbicides (Axial XL, Axial Star or Discover) are higher in risk for phytotoxicity when mixed with these fungicides. (On the label: Twinline demonstrates phytotoxicity when mixed with EC formulated herbicides or insecticides and/or fertilizers.)
Actively growing, non-stressed crops fare better than stressed crops. Yellowing may occur, but crop should grow out of the symptoms.
From Joe Yennish of Dow:
Avoid mixing strobilurin fungicides with bromoxynil herbicides. PropiMax fungicide is a propiconizole and can be tank mixed with herbicides.
For Winter Wheat:
Stripe rust has been found where Brundage soft white winter wheat is grown. Reports so far came Friday from Parma (on volunteer), yesterday from Twin Falls county on Everest hard red winter, and today - Power County on SY Ovation.
For Spring wheat:
Choose resistant spring wheat varieties. Susceptible varieties should be protected with fungicides, including at herbicide timing.
Scout wheat for stripe rust, even resistant varieties. Changes in stripe rust races will mean that resistance may no longer be effective. PLEASE send reports and photos to me so we can keep track!
Cheers! I’ll be drinking red wine tonight, not white (yellow). Here’s to controlling rust!
Juliet
Diseases in Cereals - Stripe Rust confirmed in western Idaho
All Crops All Locations
Stripe rust in wheat
Posted on: April 24, 2017 by Juliet Marshall
Stripe rust on volunteer wheat was found by an observant colleague in western Idaho near Parma. Lower leaves are seen with stripe rust indicating it is likely that it overwintered. I will be receiving the sample and checking to be sure that it is wheat. Please scout fields of susceptible varieties in all areas of southern Idaho. So far, we have not seen stripe rust in our variety trial plots in Brundage, known to be very susceptible to stripe rust. Our plots were not planted early, and could have possibly missed an early fall infection. The current weather is very conducive for spread and infection.
Please report stripe rust to your local Extension county educator, specialist or to Juliet Marshall so we can track the progress and warn producers to promote timely fungicide application.
Bur Buttercup
All Crops All Locations
Bur Buttercup
Posted on: April 20, 2017 by Rich Guggenheim
Chemical control of Bur Buttercup (Ceratocephala testiculata) can be effective when weeds are extremely young. Mowing and burning is an effective cultural control as is hand pulling. The weed is now beginning to reach flowering and has entered the reproductive state. Bur Buttercup is also toxic to livestock. Always follow label instructions. Rotating pesticide mode of action can reduce the occurrence of pesticide resistance.
» http://extension.usu.edu/rangeplants/htm/bur-buttercup
» http://oregonstate.edu/dept/coarc/sites/default/files/june_2013_article-_weeds.pdf
Malheur County Weed Advisory Board White-top Program
Announcements Northern Idaho
Posted on: April 20, 2017 by Bill Buhrig
The annual white-top and perennial pepperweed focus days are quickly approaching for Malheur County residents. Please check out the attached flier and link for more information. This is a good program and we thank County Weed Supervisor Gary Page and Co. for their hard work on this!
» http://extension.oregonstate.edu/malheur/sites/default/files/controlling_white_top.pdf
Apple Aphid
Landscape and Garden All Locations
Aphis Pomei
Posted on: April 17, 2017 by Rich Guggenheim
Nymphs of the Apple aphid, which overwinters as an egg has been detected on ornamental landscape varieties of apple and crabapple. Although they rarely cause economic loss to trees, control may be desired in the home landscape for cosmetic purposes.
The best timing for woolly apple aphid control is petal-fall with a systemic insecticide, or during the summer with an effective contact insecticide. Application of dormant oil plus an insecticide at delayed dormant stage (half-inch-green) may
provide season-long control of green and rosy apple aphids.
» http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1663&context=extension_curall
Onion Maggot Advisory for Malheur County
Onion Northern Idaho
Onion Maggot
Posted on: April 14, 2017 by Stuart Reitz
ODA Pesticides Program has identified a limited number of pesticide products with labels allowing applications to cull piles. Those products are:
Azaguard (BioSafe),
Ecozin Plus (AMVAC),
Malathion 8F (Gowan) and
Malathion 5EC (Arysta).
The Advisory and Labels for the four products specified in the Advisory are available on the Malheur County Website: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/malheur/agriculture.
The directions for applications to cull pile areas on the labels may indicate mosquitos as the target pest, but it is the specific use site (cull piles) that is necessary for the applications to be legally allowed, regardless the specific pest being targeted.
Please note, this advisory is for Oregon. The Idaho Department of Agriculture has issued information for Idaho.
Please contact David Priebe, Rose Kachadoorian, or Dale Mitchell if you have questions or concerns about the advisory for Malheur County.
David Priebe (503)986-4656 / dpriebe@oda.state.or.us
» http://extension.oregonstate.edu/malheur/sites/default/files/cullonionpesticideadvisoryfinal.pdf
Predicted Lygus emergence
Alfalfa Seed Treasure Valley
Lygus bug
Posted on: April 7, 2017 by Jerry Neufeld
The Lygus degree day calculator hosted by Integrated Plant Protection Center at Oregon State University and the IPM Centers - PNW Coalition shows that, depending on your location in the Treasure Valley, we have accumulated 78 degree days between January 1, 2017 and April 6, 2017. This is 8 days behind compared to this date in 2016 and 7 days ahead of the 30-year average. Peak emergence of lygus bug 1st and 2nd instar nymphs should occur right around 272 accumulated degree days: this usually occurs around mid-May, and is the time monitoring for lygus bugs in alfalfa seed fields should begin. Right now that is predicted to occur about May 15.
When using most insecticides, fields should be treated when numbers of lygus bugs reach 4-5 lygus bug nymphs per 180 degree sweep. Growers using Assail, or Beleaf, as stand-alone sprays probably should treat before 4th instar nymphs are detected. We will plan to put out another alert in early May, but you can monitor degree day accumulation using the link provided below as follows:
1) Select the location nearest you by selecting the appropriate pin in the map at the top of the page. The above data are for the Parma location. Results likely will vary depending on the location selected.
2) Select “insects” in the category drop down box under the map, then select the “Lygus bug [alfalfa seed] Ben Simko 2000” model from the “model params” drop down box.
3) The predicted date for the 272 degree day accumulation for peak 1st and 2nd instar lygus nymphs will be listed in the “DDs Event” text box. You also can view the full model output by selecting the button labeled “Click here to CALC/ RUN model w/daily output”
The link below will take you to the growing degree day model.
Thanks for Dr. Jim Barbour for this information.
Red band needle blight
Landscape and Garden All Locations
Dothistroma Mycosphaerella pini
Posted on: April 6, 2017 by Rich Guggenheim
Red Band Needle Blight of pines is caused by Mycosphaerella pini. Austrian pines are most susceptible, followed by ponderosa and mugo pines.
Symptoms include brown needles (often the base of needles remain green), premature needle drop, loss of vigor, and a slow decline. Needle injury may resembling winter injury or scorch, however, diseased needles will also show gumming and sometimes broken tips that are an ashy-gray color. In addition, dothistroma infections usually occur on the lower and/or inner branches, where moisture is greatest.
Infections occur anywhere on a needle, leaving a “red band” (another name for this disease). The disease often works its way from the bottom of the tree up. In spring and early summer, an infected tree will have brown interior needles, and infections on the current season’s needles will not show browning until fall.
For severely infested trees, fungicide treatments should be applied soon, before budbreak. In Utah’s dry climate, infection rarely gets to the point of necessitating chemical treatment, however.
Treatment: Although infections can occur throughout the season, only spring treatments of fungicide (when necessary) are necessary. Three applications of either copper hydroxide (Kocide), copper hydroxide+mancozeb (Junction, Mankocide), or other copper (Bonide, Camelot) may be necessary, starting at budbreak and twice again at 10- to 14-day intervals.
» http://utahpests.usu.edu/IPM/htm/advisories/landscape/articleID=13019
» http://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/trees-shrubs/dothistroma-needle-blight/
Diseases in Cereals - Look Out for Stripe Rust
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust and other diseases in cereals
Posted on: April 6, 2017 by Juliet Marshall
Current Situation with Cereals in Southern Idaho
First the good news!
There is a lot less damage in the area from snow mold and barley yellow dwarf than I expected. Good for our growers! Bad for me! Even my snow mold testing plots in Tetonia did not get as much snow mold as I was hoping. So far, the damage we see in our winter grain is related to excessive water, ponding, and successive freeze/thaw cycles. Not unexpectedly, winter wheat survived this stress much better than the winter barley. I know many people are already reseeding or have already seeded a spring crop into the dead areas of the winter (especially in wheat - a soft white wheat into a soft white winter, for example). This should be done as soon as possible to minimize the differing crop growth stages between the two crops. This is harder to do if you have a winter malt barley as mixing barley varieties will not work under contracted malt barley.
Now the bad news. HEADS UP, Western Idaho! You will be the first to see incoming stripe rust, if you don’t already have it. I am afraid we need to be prepared for a bad stripe rust year. Both Dr. Mike Flowers, OSU, and Dr. Xianming Chen have confirmed stripe rust throughout Oregon and Washington production areas. Mike said today the early planted winter wheat in Eastern Oregon has widespread stripe rust occurring in susceptible varieties. Xianming Chen also reported potentially heavy pressure and widespread occurrence throughout Washington, with stripe rust showing up a month earlier than average, foreboding a stripe rust year similar to 2011.
I have AS YET to find stripe rust overwintering in our winter wheat. It does not mean that it is not present! Please be sure to scout the susceptible varieties for stripe rust. If you have a field of Brundage soft white winter wheat for example, scout it soon and please let me know if you have stripe rust! The sooner we scout, confirm, and treat an infected field, will can reduce yield loss, and the sooner our neighbors can be forewarned about protecting their crop - yes this is a community disease!
WHAT IF I FIND STRIPE RUST? When should I apply fungicides?
The general recommendations this year will include applications of preventative fungicide at herbicide timing for susceptible varieties - PRIOR to even seeing stripe rust. Applications may need to continue as needed. Resistant varieties should not need fungicide applications - however, keep an eye on all varieties. Stripe rust races change. Even moderately resistant varieties may need an application of fungicides to reduce yield loss in severe years - if 5% of the plants in the field show stripe rust, applications of triazole-containing fungicides is recommended. Strobilurins and triazoles are protective, and triazoles are better at reducing spread in already infected plants.
Please note that BARLEY is not immune. We saw higher than normal levels of barley stripe rust in the plots near Aberdeen last year. I even saw stripe rust in triticale! (It did not cause yield loss - it was just interesting - to me.) Usually, barley stripe rust does not cause enough damage to warrant fungicide applications.
What else should I be watching for in cereals?
Winter wheat - take-all and straw breaker - especially with high soil moisture conditions. Definitely stripe rust - higher moisture always increases the chances of stripe rust spreading rapidly. Maybe powdery mildew, especially in heavily seeded fields..
Spring wheat - Stripe rust. Select a resistant variety to plant or be prepared to apply fungicides. Pythium can be a problem in cold, wet soils, especially with heavy crop residue (see the notes on Pythium in spring barley). Cereal cyst nematodes could be a problem too, especially in wetter soils.
Winter barley - winter kill has occurred in low areas of the field. In wetter weather, watch for the development of scald and / or spot form of net blotch. Barley stripe rust may also be present, but usually does not occur at damaging levels.
Spring barley - last year I saw powdery mildew in seedling barley. I was very surprised. It can easily be controlled with fungicides at herbicide timing. (Be aware of potential “hot” mixes by combining herbicides and fungicides - the damage risk increases with use of crop oils.) Stripe rust may be more of a problem in six-rowed varieties. Spot form of net blotch (SFNB) and scald will be problematic in wetter years, especially if you have crop residue of barley in no-till situations. Pythium will be a problem when planting into cold, wet spring soils. Last year we found mefanoxam resistant Pythium in a barley field. If your seed treatment (metalaxyl or mefanoxam) does not seem to be effective, let us know! Cereal cyst nematodes could be a problem too, especially in wetter soils.
TWO EARLY TO PREDICT:
Bacterial streak in barley, black chaff in spring wheat, and FHB in spring cereals. Stay tuned.
Degree Days for 2017
Landscape and Garden All Locations
Degree Days
Posted on: March 28, 2017 by Rich Guggenheim
Degree days for 2017:
Caldwell has reached 101 degree days. Estimates and forecasts are calling for estimated biofix 175 DD to be April 20. Easter week would be a good time to put traps out and begin monitoring for insects.
Apple Scab on Crabapples.
Small Fruits All Locations
Venturia inaequalis
Posted on: March 19, 2017 by Rich Guggenheim
The wet weather and cooler temperatures this spring has led to favorable conditions for apple scab to develop. Apple scab can lead to the defoliation of ornamental crabapples planted in the landscape.
The first visible symptoms of apple scab in the spring are pale, water-soaked spots the size of a pinhead on the new leaves.
Sanitation practices are the best cultural way to manage the spread of this fungal disease. Avoid water on the leaves to prevent spread of fungal spores.
» https://pnwhandbooks.org/plantdisease/host-disease/crabapple-malus-spp-scab
» http://extension.oregonstate.edu/gardening/how-control-apple-scab
» http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7413.html
» http://utahpests.usu.edu/ipm/htm/fruits/fruit-insect-disease&apple-scab
Biting flies
Landscape and Garden All Locations
Diptera spp.
Posted on: March 18, 2017 by Rich Guggenheim
Biting flies are expected to hatch and emerge soon.
» http://extension.colostate.edu/topic-areas/insects/biting-flies-5-582/
Yellow Jackets
Landscape and Garden All Locations
Vespula spp., Dolichovespula arenaria
Posted on: March 16, 2017 by Rich Guggenheim
Female Yellowjackets, the queens, who overwintered will be flying about looking for areas to establish new colonies. Now is the time to treat and prevent.
Dormant oils
Landscape and Garden All Locations
Posted on: March 15, 2017 by Rich Guggenheim
Dormant oils should be applied when temperatures are cool and plants are still dormant, before bud break. Dormant oils can be used to control insects on multiple varieties of landscape plant material as well as fruit.
University of Idaho Extension Needs Assessment
Announcements All Locations
Posted on: February 22, 2017 by Jerry Neufeld
University of Idaho Extension is in the process of conducting a state-wide needs assessment. We want to learn from the residents of Idaho issues we should be addressing, barriers to participating in our programs and the best ways to distribute our research based information. Please assist us by completing the survey at the following link below. It should only take about 5 minutes. Please complete the survey by March 10. Thanks for your participation.
» https://uidaho.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_1NcsyChWGaqXHbD
Vole Damage to Landscapes
Landscape and Garden All Locations
Voles - Microtus
Posted on: February 20, 2017 by Rich Guggenheim
Vole Damage is currently being seen throughout the area. As snow melts, the damage and tunneling caused by voles is evident.
» http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7439.html
» http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/NR_WD_009.pdf
Springtails emerging
Landscape and Garden All Locations
Springtails -order Collembola
Posted on: February 20, 2017 by Rich Guggenheim
Springtails are a small insect which you may notice on warm, dry sides of buildings. As temperatures rise and the ground begins to dry down, you may notice them congregating in said areas and invade human dwellings.
The key to managing springtails is to reduce moisture and excess organic matter in gardens, plant pots, and around building foundations. Also screen or caulk cracks that provide entryways for springtails into homes. Pesticides should not be necessary and won’t provide long-term control by themselves.
Insecticide sprays are generally not recommended for springtail management.
» http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn74136.html
» http://extension.colostate.edu/topic-areas/insects/springtails-5-602/
» http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/factsheet/springtail01.pdf
Cull Onion Disposal 2017
All Crops All Locations
Onion root maggot
Posted on: February 16, 2017 by Jerry Neufeld
Idaho has extended the deadline to dispose of cull onions from March 15 to April 15. The link below from KTVB has more information.
» http://www.ktvb.com/news/local/idaho-extends-deadline-for-farmers-to-dispose-of-bad-onions/408942971
Apply pre-emergent herbicide
Landscape and Garden All Locations
Weeds
Posted on: February 11, 2017 by Rich Guggenheim
As the snow melts, some fall germinating weeds will be visible. Spring germinating weeds will begin to germinate as soil temperatures rise. Pre-emergence herbicides and corn gluten can be effect in preventing the seeds from germinating. To control already germinated seeds, it is best to pull, hoe, or use herbicides formulated to control the type of weed you are targeting. Always read and follow all label directions!
For more information, contact your local Extension Office.
» http://extension.psu.edu/plants/green-industry/news/2013/preemergence-herbicides-for-landscape-use
» http://extension.psu.edu/plants/green-industry/news/2013/preemergence-herbicides-for-landscape-use
Snow Mold in lawns
Landscape and Garden All Locations
Typhula incarnata
Posted on: February 11, 2017 by Rich Guggenheim
Now that the snow is melting off the grass, you may be noticing snow mold. Here is what you need to know to manage it:
Rapid drying and warming will lessen the outbreak of disease.
Remove snow to allow better drainage and remove the mycelial crust on infected turf by raking. This will help recovery of the grass.
Lightly applying a low dose of nitrogen fertilizer in the spring will promote new growth.
When applied in the fall, fungicides can be useful in controlling disease, but are not effective when applied in late winter or early spring!
Additionally, for pink snow mold it’s important to maintain low soil pH and balanced soil fertility.
Aeration of your lawn will help remove thatch and allow for oxygen to penetrate the soil and reach the roots. This will help your lawn recover more quickly. This is also a good time to reseed any areas which may need to be reseeded.
For more information, contact your local county extension office!
» http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/snow-mold08.pdf
» http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/snow-mold08.pdf
8th Annual Soil Health Symposium
Announcements All Locations
Posted on: February 6, 2017 by Bill Buhrig
Soil health enthusiasts are invited to attend the 8th annual Soil Health Symposium February 16 at the Four Rivers Cultural Center in Ontario, OR. The registration form is attached as well as a link to the Payette SWCD website for more info. There is also a workshop the morning of February 17 that attendees can register for as well.
Early registration closes February 10th so do not delay!
» 2017_Soil_Health_Symposium_Registration_Form_with_Schedule.pdf
Zinc Phosphide Training for Belding Ground Squirrel Control - Feb 22
All Crops All Locations
Posted on: February 2, 2017 by Stuart Reitz
For producers raising hay, such as alfalfa, grass, mixed alfalfa/grass and permanent or seasonal pasture, in MALHEUR, HARNEY, LLAKE, BAKER, CROOK, DESCHUTES and KLAMATH Counties with Belding Ground Squirrel issues, Zinc Phosphide is a treatment option. A training session will be held in Ontario on February 22 to discuss the Restricted Use 24(c) pesticide label for Zinc Phosphide. This will be held from 12:30-2:30 pm at the Four Rivers Cultural Center 676 SW 5th AVE Ontario, OR 97914. This is at the conclusion of our Malheur County Pest Management Short Course.
An applicators license and this training are mandatory for producers who wish to purchase and use product. Laurie Gordon from the Oregon Department of Agriculture will be providing this instruction.
There is no cost to attend but give us a call 541-881-1417 to RSVP and we will have enough copies of the materials to be handed out. This annually-required training will be effective for the 2017 growing season. Two pesticide credits will be available for applicators who have not taken this class already in 2017.
Next Week - Cereal Schools in Southern / Southeastern Idaho
Small Grains All Locations
Economics
Posted on: January 31, 2017 by Juliet Marshall
Stepping Over Dollars to Pick Up Pennies - We are focusing on economics for this years' cereal schools. Hope to see you there!
Locations -
Feb 7 Burley, Morey’s Steak House, 219 E. 3rd Street
Feb 8 Pocatello, Red Lion Hotel, 1555 Pocatello Creek Road
Feb 9 - Idaho Falls, Residence Inn, 635 West Broadway
Feb 9 - Ashton, Trails Inn Restaurant, 213 2nd St
Feb 10 - Preston, Robinson Building, 186 West 2nd North
ALL schools start at 8:30 AM and have a similar agenda (only three were posted here)
» http://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho/events
» Burley
