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aphids in grain
Small Grains Magic Valley
aphids
Posted on: August 3, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
The following information is provided by Dr. Erik Wenninger,Entomology and Extension Specialist, University of Idaho.
Numerous reports have been made in the past week of aphids in small grain crops from eastern Idaho. There are several aphid species that attack small grains, and there is considerable variation in body color even within species. A few samples have been identified as English grain aphids, but management practices generally will be similar for all aphid species. Treatment thresholds are an average of 2-10 aphids per tiller, per stem, or per head, PRIOR to dough stage. Insecticide applications after grain is in the milk stage of ripening are of no value. Most fields in eastern Idaho should be around the soft dough stage, and, therefore, insecticide treatment would not be economically justified. Of possible concern is the movement of these aphids onto potato fields where they may spread virus (see July 16 Pest Alert posting, reprinted below).
July 16 Pest Alert:
Aphids on potato are of concern only in regard to their transmission of plant viruses. Systemic insecticides are generally the most effective against aphids; however, use of insecticides may reduce, but will not eliminate spread of viruses. There are no well-established treatment thresholds for aphids in potato. Consult the PNW Insect Management Handbook (http://pnwpest.org/pnw/insects) for registered products. Consult CIS 1165 (http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edComm/detail.asp?IDnum=1535) by Nolte, Alvarez, and Whitworth for more detailed recommendations on management of aphid vectors of potato virus, including insecticide recommendations.
corn earworm in sweet corn
Corn Treasure Valley - Idaho
corn earworm
Posted on: August 2, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
The University of Idaho CIS 366 entitled “Timing Corn Earworm Control,”states that summer corn earworm moths will begin laying eggs in fresh corn silk at approximately 1300 growing degree days (GDD). Egg hatch and larvae attack will begin about 73 GDD later.
According to the Oregon State University GDD model for Corn Earworm (http://uspest.org/cgi-bin/ddmodel.pl?clm), we are currently at 1058 GDD in the Caldwell area, 988 GDD in the Nampa area, and 1034 GDD in the Parma area. We will hit 1300 GDD in the Caldwell area on approximately 8/12, 1300 GDD in the Nampa area on approximately 8/17, and 1300 GDD in the Parma area on approximately 8/14. We are accumulating about 20 to 22 GDD per day. At each location, we will hit 1373 GDD about 3 to 4 days after reaching 1300 GDD. Those fields with fresh silk at 1373 GDD are most vulnerable to attack from corn earworm larvae.
The following information was taken from CIS 366 regarding corn earworm.
Corn can be “scouted” for corn earworm eggs to predict possible infestation levels. Examine 10 silk masses (about 2-day old) on each edge of a field but only in those fields which are beginning to silk or are silking. Examining a field in late silk for the first time is worthless; most of the eggs, if any were present, are already hatched, and the damage cannot be prevented.
When the egg counts average 1 egg per 2 silk masses, about 100% ear infestation will occur in the field and other fields of like maturity in the vicinity. With 1 egg per 2 silk masses, about 1 inch of each ear tip will be damaged; 1 egg per silk mass will result in about 2 inches of the ear tip damage, etc. When the days and nights are warmer than usual, the damage may double because the earworm will develop faster than the corn.
Fields should be scouted about every 2 to 4 days, depending on temperatures. Once economic egg levels are reached, determined on the basis of damage expected, further scouting is unnecessary. All fields which silk after that time in that vicinity will be subject to damage.
No chemical control will control worms in the ears, so sprays must be timed to control the larvae on the silk before the worms enter the ears. Make the first application when the plants are 50 percent silk, and repeat in 5 to 7 days or as necessary.
For control information from the 2011 Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook click on the link below. In the drop down boxes click on “vegetables” and then “sweet corn.” To read CIS 366 in its entirety click on the pdf below.
» http://uspest.org/pnw/insects
onion thrips control
Onion Treasure Valley - Idaho
onion thrips
Posted on: August 1, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
Attached is a flyer about an upcoming meeting on thrips control in onions. Meeting is Thursday, August 11, from 4 to 5 pm at the UI Parma R and E Center. Refreshments will be served. Click on the link below for more details.
Iris Yellow Spot Virus in onions
Onion Treasure Valley - Idaho
Iris Yellow Spot Virus
Posted on: July 26, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Mike Thornton from the U of I Parma Research and Extension Center is reporting that Iris Yellow Spot Virus in onions has been confirmed in Canyon County. Make sure onion fields are maintained at an adequate fertility level, and that the soil moisture level is kept at about the 20 centibar level. Make thrips control insecticide applications every 7 - 10 days.
powdery mildew in sugar beets
Sugarbeets Treasure Valley - Idaho
powdery mildew
Posted on: July 26, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
Powdery mildew has been positively identified by Amalgamated Sugar Company Representatives in sugar beet fields in the western Treasure Valley. There have also been reports of loopers in many Treasure Valley sugarbeet fields. As you scout your fields for powdery mildew, you may also want to be on the lookout for loopers and black bean aphids. There are several fungicides available for use to treat powdery mildew, including sulfur dusts. Click on the link below for recommendations from the 2011 PNW Plant Disease handbook. Depending on the disease pressure, applications with different chemistries should be repeated every 10 to 14 days. Contact your field representative from the Amalgamated Sugar Company if you have questions about treatment options.
» http://plant-disease.ippc.orst.edu/ShowDisease.aspx?RecordID=1062
Green peach aphids in potato
Potato Magic Valley
Green peach aphid
Posted on: July 22, 2011 by Jeff Miller
Green peach aphids have been found in potatoes in the Rupert/Burley area. See the PNW Pestalert posting on July 16 for more information on aphid management.
Black Bean Aphid
Sugarbeets Magic Valley
Black Bean Aphid
Posted on: July 20, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Erik J. Wenninger, Entomology and Extension Specialist with the University of Idaho at the Kimberly R and E Center is reporting that Black Bean Aphids have been observed in sugar beet fields at the U-Idaho Kimberly R & E Center. The black bean aphid is a dark-bodied aphid, about 1/16-inch long; individuals may be winged or wingless. So far primarily winged individuals have been found, but they will soon produce colonies of wingless aphids on beets. Aphids may be found on the young leaves within the crown of sugar beets. Infestations usually occur as scattered hot spots or along edges rather than uniformly across the entire field. Colonies can produce massive amounts of honeydew, which may result in black, sooty mold covering the leaves.
Aphids are attacked by a large variety of predatory and parasitic insects. We do not yet know enough about arthropod natural enemies to suggest practical ways of manipulating and enhancing their effects other than avoiding any unnecessary insecticide applications. See the Extension publication PNW 343, Beneficial Insects Associated with Pacific Northwest Crops, for descriptions of common natural enemies.
If natural enemies are absent, consider an insecticide application if bean aphids are on most leaves and if colonies cover 20 to 40 percent of leaf surfaces. When scouting a field, it is important to sample plants in several representative areas across a field, because infestations may be patchy. It is advisable to also assess natural enemy populations at this time when making a decision on whether to apply insecticides. In addition to sugar beets, black bean aphids may be found in other crops, including beans and corn.
For current information on registered insecticides and other information about black bean aphids click on the links below.
» http://uspest.org/pnw/insects
Codling moth damage
Tree Fruits Treasure Valley - Idaho
Codling Moth
Posted on: July 16, 2011 by Tony McCammon
codling moth damage will be seen now if precautions were not taken during the first generation.
Green Peach Aphid
Potato Magic Valley
Aphids in Potatoes
Posted on: July 16, 2011 by Tony McCammon
Green peach aphids were observed in Kimberly this week. Aphids on potato are of concern only in regard to their transmission of plant viruses. Systemic insecticides are generally the most effective against aphids; however, use of insecticides may reduce, but will not eliminate spread of viruses. There are no well-established treatment thresholds for aphids in potato. Consult the PNW Insect Management Handbook (http://pnwpest.org/pnw/insects) for registered products. Consult CIS 1165 (http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edComm/detail.asp?IDnum=1535) by Nolte, Alvarez, and Whitworth for more detailed recommendations on management of aphid vectors of potato virus, including insecticide recommendations.
Early blight
Potato Magic Valley
Early blight
Posted on: July 15, 2011 by Jeff Miller
Early blight lesions have been found on the lower leaves of both Russet Burbank and Western Russet. Fungicide applications for early blight/brown leaf spot control should be made at this time if they have not already been initiated.
Several products are effective for control of early blight such as Endura, QoIs (Gem, Tanos, Headline, Quadris, Reason), and products with difenoconazole (Revus Top, Quadris Top, and Omega Top). These products should be tank-mixed with a standard protectant such as a chlorothalonil or EBDC product. Reduced sensitivity has been found with Endura, Quadris, and Headline in the early blight pathogen population. In a trial sponsored by the Idaho Potato Commission and industry in 2010 Gem and Tanos showed greater disease control than Headline and Quadris. We believe all these products are still useful and provide value, but should be used with a protectant.
The standard protectant (chlorothalonil or EBDC) will provide good protection against late blight. In our semiarid environment, the standard protectants have resulted in very good late blight control when applied before an outbreak has occurred. Our research has shown that repeated use of the same protectant will build fungicide residue in the potato canopy. (Standard protectants have a broad spectrum of activity and the risk of resistance developing due to repeated use is very low.) Endura is not effective against late blight, and most QoI products need to be applied at higher rates (relative to early blight) to provide late blight protection. Revus Top and Tanos both have active ingredients effective against late blight. Gavel is also very effective against late blight and has an EBDC component to provide protection against early blight. A more detailed discussion of different fungicides effective against late blight can be found at the link below.
Applications should be made on a 10-14 day schedule during this time of rapid vine growth. Recent thundershowers have also made the environment favorable for both early and late blight development.
We have published a discussion of products, application methods, and application intervals at the link provided below.
» http://www.millerresearch.com/reports/LateBlight/Overview_of_Fungicides_for_Late_Blight.pdf
Stripe Rust Alert
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe Rust
Posted on: July 8, 2011 by Juliet Marshall
Much of the stripe rust in winter wheat is starting to shut down, especially in those varieties with high-temperature adult plant resistance (HTAP). We are, at this stage, past the application window for applying fungicides to control stripe rust in winter wheat. In any case, further application in winter wheat would not be economically beneficial. Most of the winter wheat is in or past the grain fill stage.
In our spring grain, significant damage can still occur depending upon growth stage. The preharvest intervals for most of the fungicides vary from 45 – 30 days, depending upon the fungicide. PLEASE READ AND FOLLOW THE LABEL INSTRUCTIONS. DO NOT spray past the recommended preharvest interval. Spring grains are now in grain fill in the lower elevations, flowering in the Idaho Falls region, and still at stem extension in the upper elevation areas. Some of the spring lines with HTAP are showing higher than expected stripe rust infection (UI Pettit) while HTAP in Alturas, for example, is holding. Those fields that have been sprayed with fungicides at herbicide timing did very well in reducing infection compared to those that were not sprayed, although stripe rust is re-establishing if a second fungicide application was not applied.
In barley, we can find stripe rust but any damage has been minimal. I have yet to see stripe rust in barley in commercial fields at damaging levels. Most barley is past flowering in most of the production areas, except in the higher elevation areas.
ON OUR WEBSITE is an excel file with ratings of the winter and spring wheat varieties in the extension variety trials in Aberdeen. PLEASE NOTE that the disease pressure at that location is extraordinary. While I included both the seedling and adult reaction of the spring wheat, I did not for the winter wheat, but there are two ratings in the spring/summer and I included the raw data of two replications (untreated with fungicides). The infection type is rated on a 0 to 9 scale, with 0 being immune, 1, 2, 3 resistant, 4,5,6 intermediate, and 7, 8, 9 being susceptible. A rating of 9 means the plant was heavily infected with no chlorosis, and high levels of sporulation. If you would like further information/ clarification on the definitions of infection TYPE, let me know. In addition, there is a rating on the percent leaf area affected in the entire plot. Some varieties have a susceptible reaction, with lower levels of diseased tissue. There was a tremendous amount of necrosis this year, hence the mixed reaction types. For example, one variety may have a rating of 5/8 and percent 30/5, meaning that 30 % of the plot had an infection type about 5 (intermediate resistance with quite a bit of necrosis but sporulating still) and 5 % of the plants in the plot were showing extensive sporulation with an infection type of 8, with a little chlorosis.
Malheur Experiment Station SUMMER FARM FESTIVAL
Announcements Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: July 5, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
YOU ARE INVITED TO THE Malheur Experiment Station SUMMER FARM FESTIVAL and Annual Field Day.
Presented by the OSU Malheur Experiment Station,
Ontario Chamber of Commerce, KSRV and others.
We will also feature: Agricultural Trade Show Booths and Many Different Events and Contests with Prizes.
July 13, 2011 from 8:30 AM - 1:00 PM
Complimentary lunch will be served.
Please reserve lunch by calling Janet Jones
(541) 889-2174 Or emailing her at janet.jones@oregonstate.edu
Malheur Experiment Station
595 Onion Ave.
Ontario, OR 97914
Cooperating to bring you the Summer Farm Festival and Field Days include the Ontario Chamber of Commerce, KSRV, OSU Malheur County Extension Service, University of Idaho, Malheur County Soil and Water Conservation District, Malheur Watershed Council, Owyhee Watershed Council, USDA NRCS, and the Lower Willowcreek Working Group.
Click on the pdf below for more information.
Late blight in potato
Potato All Locations
Phytophthora infestans
Posted on: June 29, 2011 by Jeff Miller
Late blight has been found in the Columbia Basin and is present in four fields north of the Tri-Cities.
It is recommended that all growers prepare for late blight due to the favorable weather conditions experienced this spring and the presence of late blight in many seed areas this past year. A summary of fungicides that are effective against late blight can be found at the link below.
If you find any suspicious samples, please send them to University of Idaho extension personnel or to us here at Miller Research. Even if you know you have found late blight, we would like samples in order to determine the genetic strain. This will better help us understand where the late blight originated. All submissions will be held confidential and reported only on a county basis.
» http://www.millerresearch.com/reports/LateBlight/Overview_of_Fungicides_for_Late_Blight.pdf
Pest Advisory 6
Tree Fruits All Locations
Peach Twig Borer
Posted on: June 28, 2011 by Tony McCammon
Here is the final issue of the Pest Advisory for 2011. Hopefully you are on the right path to success. Good luck with your harvest and I hope it is bountiful. In this issue I covered the key pests for July and August. Good luck,
Agri-Mek Section 18 approved
Onion All Locations
Thrips
Posted on: June 27, 2011 by Steve Norberg
Section 18 approved for Agri-Mek in Oregon for thrips in onions. See Oregon Department of Agriculture for label at
http://oregon.gov/ODA/PEST/sec18.shtml or see attached label and letter.
Western Cherry Fruit Fly
Tree Fruits Treasure Valley - Idaho
Flys Caught
Posted on: June 17, 2011 by Tony McCammon
The ISDA confirmed trap catches of the Western Cherry Fruit Fly in Gem and Canyon Counties on Thursday. Temperatures indicate they will be mature enough to lay eggs this weekend. Cherries become susceptible to egg laying adults when skins on the cherries soften or when cherries turn a straw yellow color.
Products containing spinosad, Acetamiprid, carbaryl, or Kaolin clay are recommended for homeowners.
Acetemiprid, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos
diazinon, dimethoate, esfenvalerate, malathion, Phosmet, spinetoram, and spinosad all have registered products for commercial use.
cereal leaf beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Oregon
cereal leaf beetle
Posted on: June 15, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Clint Shock, Superintendant at the OSU Malheur Experiment station is reporting that cereal leaf beetle larvae are being found in Malheur County winter wheat fields. Click on the link below to read CIS 994 titled “Cereal Leaf Beetle” from the University of Idaho to find out more about this pest.
onion thrips
Onion All Locations
onion thrips
Posted on: June 14, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Clint Shock, Superintendant at the OSU Malheur Experiment station is reporting that thrips counts have passed three per plant at the Oregon State University Malheur Experiment Station. Dr. Mike Thornton from the UI-CALS Parma Research and Extension Center is reporting average thrip counts of nearly one per plant. Recent research has shown that most control programs are most effective when early season sprays start when populations are no more than 1 to 3 thrips per plant.
Colorado Potato Beetle
Potato Magic Valley
Colorado Potato Beetle
Posted on: June 14, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Erik Wenninger, Extension Entomology Specialist with UI-CALS in Kimberly is reporting that Colorado potato beetles were observed in Kimberly late last week. So far, only overwintered adults have been observed, and they will do little damage to potatoes. Scouting should begin soon for eggs and for larvae, which can cause considerable damage.
To guard against development of insecticide resistance, post-emergence applications of neonicotinoid insecticides should not be used if a neonicotinoid seed treatment or other at-planting neonicotinoid treatment was used. Examples of neonicotinoid seed or at-planting treatments include Admire, Belay, Cruiser, Gaucho, and Platinum. Examples of foliar neonicotinoid sprays include Actara, Belay, Endigo ZC, Leverage, and Provado.
Those using “soft” chemistries against Colorado potato beetles should be especially vigilant about scouting to appropriately time sprays. Sprays against the first generation should be applied when the first mature larvae are seen; at this time most of the larvae have hatched, but are still relatively small and susceptible to insecticides.
Border sprays may be considered if populations have not spread into the interior of fields.
Tree Fruit Pest Advisory
Tree Fruits Treasure Valley - Idaho
Codling moth, Cherry Fruit Fly, and tree borers
Posted on: June 13, 2011 by Tony McCammon
Here is the fifth issue of the Pest Advisory containing information on:
Codling Moth
Western Cherry Fruit fly
Gummosis
Thinning recommendations
and other related pests.
Open the PDF to view the advisory.
Updated USDA GAP Audit
Potato All Locations
Posted on: June 9, 2011 by Nora Olsen
Please note an updated USDA Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)Good Handling Practices (GHP)Audit Verification Checklist is now available. This latest version was effective June 6, 2011. Visit the USDA website to view the newest version:
http://www.ams.usda.gov/gapghp
The University of Idaho will update their GAP organizational manual to coincide with the latest GAP Audit version. Visit www.kimberly.uidaho.edu/potatoes/gap.htm in the future to download the updated manual.
Only minor changes were made to the audit but these changes will need to be addressed in all future farm and storage audit visits.
Western Cherry Fruit Fly
Tree Fruits Treasure Valley - Idaho
Western Cherry Fruit Fly
Posted on: June 7, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
Click on the pdf below for information about the forecasted emergence and spray dates for Western Cherry Fruit Fly. This information is being provided by Mike Cooper from the Idaho State Department of Agriculture.
spider mites in mint
Mint Treasure Valley - Idaho
spider mites
Posted on: June 6, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
Jeffery Christianson from Simplot Company is reporting that spider mites are already being found in established mint fields in the Treasure Valley. The mites were found during routine field scouting operations. It seems a bit early, but you may want to be on the lookout for these pests.
stripe rust
Small Grains Magic Valley
stripe rust
Posted on: June 2, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Oliver Neher from the UI Twin Falls R and E Center is reporting that stripe rust has been confirmed in small grains near Hanson. Some fungicides can’t be applied after heading and some can be applied up until flowering. In all cases apply according to the label.
Colorado Potato Beetle
Potato Treasure Valley - Idaho
Colorado Potato Beetle
Posted on: June 2, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
Bill Buhrig from the UI, Parma Research and Extension Center, is reporting that overwintering Colorado Potato Beetle adults are beginning to emerge in southwest Idaho. This overwintering adult stage does not do much damage; however, females are beginning to lay eggs in potato fields. We could see the damaging larvae appear in about 7 to 10 days depending on temperatures. This is the time for growers to be scouting for CPB, especially if they are using "soft" foliar insecticides that target control of early instar larvae.
