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Cereal Schools Flyer and Agenda
Small Grains All Locations
Cereal Diseases and Agronomics
Posted on: January 19, 2024 by Juliet Marshall
This is a reminder that our 2024 Cereal Schools are coming soon!
See the attached files for the schedule. We hope to see you there!
Also, the Cereal Schools are the same dates EVERY YEAR: the first full week in February.
2025 Cereal Schools will be scheduled for Feb 4 – 7, Tuesday through Friday in the same order.
Cheers!
Juliet
-- Juliet M. Marshall, Ph.D.
Plant Sciences Department Head
Endowed Research Professor, Cereals Pathology and Agronomy
Idaho Falls R&E Center
1776 Science Center Drive Suite 205
Idaho Falls, ID 83402
208-529-8376 office
208-390-4859 cell
A BIG Week for Cereals Field days! Let's GO, Idaho!
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Cereals
Posted on: July 18, 2022 by Juliet Marshall
Tuesday - ABERDEEN R&E Center. 8 AM registration UI and LCS joint field day - lunch provided Wednesday - IDAHO FALLS. 4:00 PM start - Dinner provided (Sealander Park) Thursday - SODA SPRINGS. 4 PM start - Dinner provided at Hooper Springs |
See the Attached PDF file for locations and directions
» UI_Extension_2022_Cereals_Field_Days_For_Southern_Eastern_ID.pdf
Ag Talk Tuesday - Cancelled for Tuesday July 19th
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Wheat, barley, etc
Posted on: July 18, 2022 by Juliet Marshall
Ag Talk Tuesday Registrants,
Thank you for registering for the University of Idaho Ag Talk Tuesday sessions.
Please note that the July 19th session is cancelled. All organizers will be at different meetings and unavailable.
Ag Talk Tuesday sessions will return for August 2 and August 16. You can view the scheduled topics here: https://www.uidaho.edu/extension/news/ag-talk-tuesday
Sincerely,
Your Ag Talk Tuesday Oganizers:
Kasia Duellman
Pam Hutchinson
Doug Finkelnburg
Juliet Marshall
Olga Walsh
--------------------------------------
| KASIA M. DUELLMAN, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Plant Pathology and Extension Specialist |
Grain production worldwide in dire straights
Small Grains All Locations
Cereal Production 2022
Posted on: May 4, 2022 by Juliet Marshall
All - I usually do not send pest alerts out like this with scary titles as I do not believe in “saber rattling”. But there are several situations occurring worldwide that are concerning to me in regards to wheat production.
1) The war in Ukraine - beyond the obvious disruption to everyday activities associated with agricultural production, the destruction of port cities and export infrastructure in addition to targeted destruction of grain and shipping facilities in Ukraine, and shipping of grain stores to Russia will reduce worldwide supplies. https://phys.org/news/2022-04-india-wheat-crop-snags-export.html
2) Heat wave in India - https://stories.app.goo.gl/6Gjk Temperatures above 110 degrees F in central India (46.5 degrees Celsius (114.08 Fahrenheit) have reduced grain production in some areas by as much as 50%.
3) Reduced production in China - https://www.reuters.com/business/china-ensure-agricultural-product-supplies-including-grains-2022-03-05/
BEIJING, March 5 (Reuters) - The condition of China's winter wheat crop could be the "worst in history", the agriculture minister said on Saturday, raising concerns about grain supplies in the world's biggest wheat consumer.
4) US production projections are for lower than average. From the Idaho Wheat Commission Newsletter on 4/29/22: Chicago wheat futures rebounded on Tuesday as the worst U.S. winter crop rating since 1989 put attention back on global supply already strained by the war in Ukraine.
Current conditions in Idaho and the PNW are favorable to winter wheat production with the greatest constraint associated with dry conditions. In fact, the extremely cool weather has delayed plant maturity, increasing the potential for heavy stooling of the wheat crop. Looking at data from the UI potato website, growing degree days are far behind previous years:
While data from Aberdeen is not available on Agrimet (https://www.usbr.gov/gp/agrimet/agrimet_station_list.html) comparing data from Kimberly and Parma show a rather surprising lag in GDD throughout southern Idaho.
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR THIS YEAR’S GRAIN PRODUCTION IN IDAHO?
Heavy stooling increases yield potential for winter wheat and winter barley. While the weather is unpredictable, if the conditions stay favorable to grain growth, consider applications of plant growth hormones to reduce lodging. (If it is not too late in your area.)
Take advantage of the extra (and localized) rain events to increase subsoil moisture storage while irrigation is available. Yes, if you have irrigation, use it to increase soil storage capacity for later season moisture shortages, especially beneficial if prediction for hot and dry late spring and summer weather actually occurs.
Control yield-robbing weeds.
Scout for diseases. Stripe rust literally can annihilate wheat and barley production. The Good news is that we usually have low barley stripe rust disease pressure and wheat stripe rust forecasts from Dr. Xianming Chen are for low to moderate disease pressure in the Washington and Palouse areas. "Recommendations for the eastern Pacific Northwest - As stripe rust has not been found and the disease is likely to have a late start, fungicide application is not recommended in the early growth season at the time of herbicide application for winter wheat, unless stripe rust is observed in the fields.” Dr. Chen, 3/7/22 email.
Due to enduring drought conditions throughout the west (including CA and NV, downwind of southern Idaho production), I expect low disease pressure from stripe rust. I also do not recommend fungicide application at herbicide timing for stripe rust control, even in susceptible varieties. Always scout, and if sound, report stripe rust infections to me ASAP so I can get the word out.
Even if planted early, spring grains has gotten a delayed start due to cool conditions and emergence has been slow. If expected hot dry conditions develop in May through July, yield potential can be reduced with heat at flowering. A lot depends on (obviously) the temperatures as the season progresses.
Pay close attention to conditions at flowering for scab (Fusarium head blight) and potential mycotoxin contamination from DON.
When crops are harvest ready, get them out of the field ASAP to reduce the likelihood of sprout damage from August rains.
This year may be one of the most profitable years for grain production so PAY ATTENTION to the details.
Wishing everyone the best for the upcoming season!
Cheers,
Juliet
Plant Sciences Department Head, Endowed Research Professor, Cereals Pathology and Agronomy
Idaho Falls R&E Center
1776 Science Center Drive Suite 205
Idaho Falls, ID 83402
208-529-8376 office
http://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho/
“We shouldn’t be looking for certainty. Instead, we should be saying to ourselves ‘When do we have enough evidence to make good decisions.’” Cailin O’Connor UC Irvine
Bird cherry-oat aphids on the move; time to inspect fields
Small Grains All Locations
Bird Cherry Oat Aphids
Posted on: October 8, 2021 by Jerry Neufeld
The winged from of bird cherry-oat aphids has been observed in winter wheat in Twin Falls County, Idaho; the wheat was planted in late-September.
The observed aphid numbers were relatively low (averaging one per young seedling), but it indicates that the aphids are on the move, and that the numbers could increase, if the mild weather continues.
Although bird cherry-oat aphids rarely cause significant damage to small grains by direct feeding, they are efficient vectors of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV).
See below publication for more information on BYDV symptoms and the aphid vectors.
» https://www.extension.uidaho.edu/publishing/pdf/CIS/CIS1210.pdf
Cereal Field Days! Idaho Falls TODAY, Aberdeen Wednesday, Soda Springs Thursday!
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Cereals Field Days
Posted on: July 20, 2021 by Juliet Marshall
Idaho Falls Tuesday, July 20
4 PM at 2550 South, 45th West (parking at Thiel's residence, not on side of road), followed by Grain Growers dinner @ Sealander Park
Aberdeen / LCS Field Day Wednesday, July 21
8:20 AM registration, program starts at 8:30 AM Aberdeen R&E
Center. 1693 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID. Lunch provided.
Soda Springs Thursday, July 22
4 PM Head north on Government Dam Road, take a right on China Hat Road, 1/4 mile on north side of road
» https://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho
» UI_Extension_2021_Cereals_Field_Days_For_Southern_Eastern_ID2.pdf
Upcoming Cereal Field Days - Rupert / Minidoka
Small Grains All Locations
Cereals Field Days
Posted on: July 11, 2021 by Juliet Marshall
Upcoming field day this week - Rupert Minidoka!
9:00 AM
Thursday, July 15th
Starting at Winter trials: intersection of 400 E and 900 N. Spring trials: 2 miles east of winter plots on 600 E, 900 N
Hope to see you there!
Cheers,
Juliet
» https://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho
» UI_Extension_2021_Cereals_Field_Days_For_Southern_Eastern_ID2.pdf
Armyworm damage in eastern Idaho wheat fields
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
armyworm
Posted on: October 6, 2020 by Jerry Neufeld
The following information is provided by Dr. Arash Rashed, Associate Professor, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology at the University of Idaho.
There have been reports of fall armyworm damage in some wheat fields between American Falls and Firth in eastern Idaho. Please inspect your fields as managing this pest is more effective during the early stages of development. Fall Armyworms are active during dark, so field inspections need to be done with a flashlight after sunset. They have a wide host range but prefer grasses; at this time of the year, wheat, barley, alfalfa, volunteers, and pasture are examples of crops that can host fall armyworms. They feed on foliar tissue and can consume young seedlings to the ground. During the day they hide in plant litter and/or just below the soil surface. There are no set thresholds and management recommendations depend on the stages of plant and larval development and the extent of the damage. More than 2-3 larger larvae (> 1/2in) per square foot may require control. Scout as many spots as possible within a field. Damage by fall armyworm is usually patchy and spot insecticide treatment is a possibility, where needed. Larvae cannot survive freezing temperatures and are also susceptible to diseases caused by entomopathogens at high densities.
For other closely related species and damage, you can visit pages 493-499 of the publication in the first link below:
You can also learn more about this pest from the PNW Insect Management Handbook in the second link below:
» http://pubs.cahnrs.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/06/em108-ch11.pdf
» https://pnwhandbooks.org/insect/agronomic/small-grain/small-grain-cutworm-armyworm
Grasshoppers
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Grasshoppers
Posted on: August 27, 2020 by Jerry Neufeld
The following information is provided by University of Idaho Extension Specialists, Drs. Arash Rashed and Juliet Marshall.
Recent reports from Montana are indicating the presence of grasshoppers in large numbers, an observation which has raised concern for winter wheat planting across the region. Although grasshopper populations are expected to decline in late summer and fall, young winter wheat and barley fields may be at risk if large numbers of grasshoppers are present at planting and crop emergence. The presence of 11-20 grasshoppers in one square yard (9 square feet) of natural border vegetation around a recently planted wheat field would be alarming and could result in significant damage upon seedling emergence.
Insecticide applications in form of seed treatments, foliar applications, and/or baits are primary approaches when large number of grasshoppers are present. However, delayed fall planting is also recommended to be integrated into the management protocol as it would minimize the window of fall crop exposure to grasshoppers. Monitor fields and surrounding vegetation. If large grasshopper populations are present, contact Idaho State Department of Agriculture (ISDA Mormon Cricket and Grasshopper Control Program at the link below. ISDA’s Mormon Cricket and Grasshopper Control Program provides pest management recommendations and assistance to producers and ranchers across Idaho.
July 17 Aberdeen Collaborative Field Day
Small Grains All Locations
Cereal Field Days - Update on varieties, diseases (stripe rust, foot rots, frost damage, etc)
Posted on: July 2, 2019 by Juliet Marshall
Wednesday, July 17 | 8:30 a.m.
FREE and open to the public - Please share this invitation!
Aberdeen Research Station | 1693 2700 West Rd, Aberdeen, ID 83210
Google Map
See the latest in advanced grain genetics
Tour of current and new public and private winter wheat and barley varieties for southern Idaho
Q&A with experts from the University of Idaho, The Andersons and Limagrain Cereal Seeds
Eat, drink and be merry
Hot coffee and donuts to greet you
Catered lunch with good company
Wheat and barley food products to sample
Collaborative local craft brew with Mountain Malt and Portneuf Valley Brewing
Reserve your spot by Monday, July 8
University of Idaho | jmarshall@uidaho.edu
Limagrain Cereal Seeds | hannah.kammeyer@limagrain.com
UI Dryland Cereals Field Day - THURSDAY June 27th
Small Grains All Locations
Cereal Field Days - Update on varieties, diseases (stripe rust, foot rots, frost damage, etc)
Posted on: June 25, 2019 by Juliet Marshall
Join us for our first field day of the season! (South Eastern Idaho Extension and Wheat Breeding Trials). Catch up on the latest varieties, see the new releases from the UI Wheat breeding program based in Aberdeen and join the discussion on the latest diseases and issues in cereals. Looking forward to seeing you at one of our field days!
June 27, 2019 - THURSDAY
Rockland / Arbon
9:30 AM Rockland, West of Rock Creek Rd on Deeg Rd, Rockland, ID
2:00 PM Arbon on Mink Creek Road, Arbon, ID
» https://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho
» UI_Extension_2019_Cereals_Field_Days_For_Southern_Eastern_ID.pdf
Stripe rust in wheat continues to spread
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust
Posted on: June 11, 2019 by Juliet Marshall
Stripe rust is at low levels or can’t be found in most winter wheat fields except on the susceptible varieties including soft white winter wheat Brundage. Stripe rust is not yet present in spring wheat fields, but I suspect it will be found shortly. Susceptible and moderately susceptible spring wheat varieties should be treated with fungicides at herbicide timing (which may have already passed for many fields). With the weather very favorable for spread and infection, disease pressure in spring wheat will reduce yields and test weight in susceptible varieties!
Winter grain is heading (finishing in the Magic Valley area, mid-heading in south-Eastern Idaho (Aberdeen area), and starting to head in the Idaho Falls area). Diseases that are prevalent include Pythium, Rhizoctonia and straw breaker foot-rot. Stripe rust has been confirmed east of American Falls near the Arbon Valley exit, near the American Falls airport, Aberdeen area on-station and in production fields. Stripe rust is also present in Notus, ID area and Logan, UT. Also found in the Firth area was powdery mildew. Control recommendations for powdery mildew includes propiconazole as well as many other fungicides labeled as good to very good control. (See the fungicide efficacy chart on my website for fungicide efficacy against many of the common wheat diseases).
Stripe rust in winter wheat and Spot form of net blotch in barley (SFNB)
Small Grains All Locations
stripe rust and spot form of net blotch
Posted on: May 29, 2019 by Juliet Marshall
Stripe rust has been found today in winter wheat east of American Falls. Lesions were found on leaf tips in the upper canopy of the soft white winter wheat variety …. Wait for it……
…. Brundage.
This is likely a spring infection (not overwintering) and not widespread. Yet. With current weather conditions (perfect for stripe rust infection) expect to see the disease spread rapidly. If you have susceptible winter wheat varieties (see the UI Extension Small Grains Reports and the USDA Dr. Xianming Chen’s USDA reports for variety ratings) or susceptible spring wheat varieties, timely application of fungicides should protect vulnerable fields. Fungicide mixed with herbicide applications is recommended for susceptible spring wheat varieties as well.
Please see the attached file for the fungicide efficacy of fungicides for many diseases.
PLEASE report stripe rust occurrences ASAP to me.
Also found were symptoms of spot form of net blotch (SFNB) in spring barley. This field was in barley after barley. Fungicide with herbicide should reduce SFNB impact and stop the spread into the upper canopy.
Fusarium Head Blight in winter wheat
Small Grains All Locations
Fusarium head blight
Posted on: July 11, 2018 by Juliet Marshall
Fusarium head blight (FHB or head scab) is being found in winter wheat and spring wheat.
Fields throughout southern and southeast Idaho are being affected by FHB, everywhere from Glenn’s Ferry through Firth. Some winter wheat fields have white heads caused by take all as well as partial to whole heads bleached by FHB. While it is unlikely that there are any fields still in the vulnerable stages (flowering), at risk fields should be protected with appropriate fungicide application. Fields should still be scouted and infected grain fields identified prior to harvest. DON (deoxynivalenol or vomitoxin) contaminated, infected seed and tombstone kernels can be reduced by increasing the fan speeds on the combine. This can significantly reduce dockage and rejection at the elevator.
UI Extension Cereals Field Days are this week in Rupert, Idaho Falls, and Aberdeen
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: July 10, 2017 by Juliet Marshall
The southern / eastern Idaho Cereals Extension Field days will be
Tuesday (Rupert/Minidoka) July 11th
Wednesday (Idaho Falls) July 12th
Thursday (Aberdeen) July 13th
We will be speaking about varieties, diseases, insects and management issues. Hope to see you there!!
For times and locations, please see the attached PDF files.
Three Cereal Extension Field Days next week - Rupert / Minidoka, Idaho Falls and Aberdeen
Small Grains All Locations
Cereals Extension Field Days
Posted on: July 6, 2017 by Juliet Marshall
The southern / eastern Idaho Cereals Extension Field days will be
Tuesday (Rupert/Minidoka) July 11th
Wednesday (Idaho Falls) July 12th
Thursday (Aberdeen) July 13th
We will be speaking about varieties, diseases, insects and management issues. Hope to see you there!!
For times and locations, please see the attached PDF file.
Yes, It is Robigalia, April 25th. The rust god is not appeased
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust in wheat
Posted on: April 26, 2017 by Juliet Marshall
BYD is being found on winter wheat and winter barley planted early in the fall 2016, and was worse in field planted without insecticidal seed treatments.
Stripe rust is starting in Idaho and the weather is very conducive to spread. Reports so far came Friday from Parma (on volunteer), yesterday from Twin Falls county on Everest hard red winter, and today - Power County on SY Ovation.
Parma (western Idaho) SR was found on lower and middle leaves. In Twin Falls county and Power county, SR was on middle to younger leaves. Crop is early jointing to late tillering.
The following is the report on stripe rust sent to my cereal pathology pest alert email group:
Did the the subject line catch your attention? Good.
Today is April 25th.
Robigalia!
from Anne Delgehausen, St. Paul, MN:
Screen Shot 2016-04-25 at 7.48.18 AM.png (SEE picture)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robigalia An ancient Roman festival held to appease the God of rust (Robigus or Robigo). The Roman’s celebrated Robigalia, an annual festival that, through sacrifices and feasting, and hoped to prevent rust from destroying the upcoming crop.
May the evidence of your victory over the
Puccinia
be abundant in your fields!
AS I did last year on this date, I am sending this reminder of the devastating diseases caused by the rust fungi (Puccinia) - specifically in this case, as usual, stripe rust, also called yellow rust
While we no longer sacrifice red dogs (or sheep or goats) to stop stem rust, we battle another Puccinia (Puccinia striiformis), stripe rust almost every year now. While I am not suggesting you switch to sacrificing YELLOW dogs, however, I am suggesting that you remain vigilant in your battles against the yield-robbing fungi that affect so many wheat varieties.
So Yes, this email is a reminder that stripe rust is continuing to spread in irrigated and dryland crops.
This weather is very conducive to the spread of stripe rust. With susceptible varieties of winter wheat, it is highly recommended that you add fungicides in with the herbicides. But there are legitimate concerns about phytotoxicity associated with tank mixing.
Some general recommendations:
1) Application of tank mixes of herbicides and fungicides may result in phytotoxicity when cold (frosty) temperatures follow application. The same applies, more for spring wheat, when hot temperatures follow applications.
2) High pressure applications (40 psi) may result in increased phytotoxicity over lower pressure applications (30 psi).
3) No additional surfactant should be used when wild oat herbicides (Axial XL, Axial Star, Discover) are mixed with fungicides.
4) Bromoxynil herbicides (such as Bronate Advanced, Starane NXT, Maestro Advanced) should not be mixed with strobilurin fungicides.
5) READ and follow all label directions.
Last year I called some of our reps from various companies, who offered the following information:
From Kelly Luff of Bayer Crop Science:
Stratego (4-5 oz rate) can be tank mixed with herbicides, but leave out NIS. (Absolute is not recommended in this market due to potential phytotoxicity. Stratego YLD is not recommended.)
Do not spray prior to high risk of frost or freezing temperatures. Optimum performance comes when applications are made when frost isn’t occurring for a few days after application. Herbicides mixed with MSO increases burn especially with frost after application.
From Allan Landon of Syngenta:
Quilt, Headline and Twinline can be mixed with herbicides, but do not add surfactants with the mix. Wild oat herbicides (Axial XL, Axial Star or Discover) are higher in risk for phytotoxicity when mixed with these fungicides. (On the label: Twinline demonstrates phytotoxicity when mixed with EC formulated herbicides or insecticides and/or fertilizers.)
Actively growing, non-stressed crops fare better than stressed crops. Yellowing may occur, but crop should grow out of the symptoms.
From Joe Yennish of Dow:
Avoid mixing strobilurin fungicides with bromoxynil herbicides. PropiMax fungicide is a propiconizole and can be tank mixed with herbicides.
For Winter Wheat:
Stripe rust has been found where Brundage soft white winter wheat is grown. Reports so far came Friday from Parma (on volunteer), yesterday from Twin Falls county on Everest hard red winter, and today - Power County on SY Ovation.
For Spring wheat:
Choose resistant spring wheat varieties. Susceptible varieties should be protected with fungicides, including at herbicide timing.
Scout wheat for stripe rust, even resistant varieties. Changes in stripe rust races will mean that resistance may no longer be effective. PLEASE send reports and photos to me so we can keep track!
Cheers! I’ll be drinking red wine tonight, not white (yellow). Here’s to controlling rust!
Juliet
Diseases in Cereals - Look Out for Stripe Rust
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust and other diseases in cereals
Posted on: April 6, 2017 by Juliet Marshall
Current Situation with Cereals in Southern Idaho
First the good news!
There is a lot less damage in the area from snow mold and barley yellow dwarf than I expected. Good for our growers! Bad for me! Even my snow mold testing plots in Tetonia did not get as much snow mold as I was hoping. So far, the damage we see in our winter grain is related to excessive water, ponding, and successive freeze/thaw cycles. Not unexpectedly, winter wheat survived this stress much better than the winter barley. I know many people are already reseeding or have already seeded a spring crop into the dead areas of the winter (especially in wheat - a soft white wheat into a soft white winter, for example). This should be done as soon as possible to minimize the differing crop growth stages between the two crops. This is harder to do if you have a winter malt barley as mixing barley varieties will not work under contracted malt barley.
Now the bad news. HEADS UP, Western Idaho! You will be the first to see incoming stripe rust, if you don’t already have it. I am afraid we need to be prepared for a bad stripe rust year. Both Dr. Mike Flowers, OSU, and Dr. Xianming Chen have confirmed stripe rust throughout Oregon and Washington production areas. Mike said today the early planted winter wheat in Eastern Oregon has widespread stripe rust occurring in susceptible varieties. Xianming Chen also reported potentially heavy pressure and widespread occurrence throughout Washington, with stripe rust showing up a month earlier than average, foreboding a stripe rust year similar to 2011.
I have AS YET to find stripe rust overwintering in our winter wheat. It does not mean that it is not present! Please be sure to scout the susceptible varieties for stripe rust. If you have a field of Brundage soft white winter wheat for example, scout it soon and please let me know if you have stripe rust! The sooner we scout, confirm, and treat an infected field, will can reduce yield loss, and the sooner our neighbors can be forewarned about protecting their crop - yes this is a community disease!
WHAT IF I FIND STRIPE RUST? When should I apply fungicides?
The general recommendations this year will include applications of preventative fungicide at herbicide timing for susceptible varieties - PRIOR to even seeing stripe rust. Applications may need to continue as needed. Resistant varieties should not need fungicide applications - however, keep an eye on all varieties. Stripe rust races change. Even moderately resistant varieties may need an application of fungicides to reduce yield loss in severe years - if 5% of the plants in the field show stripe rust, applications of triazole-containing fungicides is recommended. Strobilurins and triazoles are protective, and triazoles are better at reducing spread in already infected plants.
Please note that BARLEY is not immune. We saw higher than normal levels of barley stripe rust in the plots near Aberdeen last year. I even saw stripe rust in triticale! (It did not cause yield loss - it was just interesting - to me.) Usually, barley stripe rust does not cause enough damage to warrant fungicide applications.
What else should I be watching for in cereals?
Winter wheat - take-all and straw breaker - especially with high soil moisture conditions. Definitely stripe rust - higher moisture always increases the chances of stripe rust spreading rapidly. Maybe powdery mildew, especially in heavily seeded fields..
Spring wheat - Stripe rust. Select a resistant variety to plant or be prepared to apply fungicides. Pythium can be a problem in cold, wet soils, especially with heavy crop residue (see the notes on Pythium in spring barley). Cereal cyst nematodes could be a problem too, especially in wetter soils.
Winter barley - winter kill has occurred in low areas of the field. In wetter weather, watch for the development of scald and / or spot form of net blotch. Barley stripe rust may also be present, but usually does not occur at damaging levels.
Spring barley - last year I saw powdery mildew in seedling barley. I was very surprised. It can easily be controlled with fungicides at herbicide timing. (Be aware of potential “hot” mixes by combining herbicides and fungicides - the damage risk increases with use of crop oils.) Stripe rust may be more of a problem in six-rowed varieties. Spot form of net blotch (SFNB) and scald will be problematic in wetter years, especially if you have crop residue of barley in no-till situations. Pythium will be a problem when planting into cold, wet spring soils. Last year we found mefanoxam resistant Pythium in a barley field. If your seed treatment (metalaxyl or mefanoxam) does not seem to be effective, let us know! Cereal cyst nematodes could be a problem too, especially in wetter soils.
TWO EARLY TO PREDICT:
Bacterial streak in barley, black chaff in spring wheat, and FHB in spring cereals. Stay tuned.
Next Week - Cereal Schools in Southern / Southeastern Idaho
Small Grains All Locations
Economics
Posted on: January 31, 2017 by Juliet Marshall
Stepping Over Dollars to Pick Up Pennies - We are focusing on economics for this years' cereal schools. Hope to see you there!
Locations -
Feb 7 Burley, Morey’s Steak House, 219 E. 3rd Street
Feb 8 Pocatello, Red Lion Hotel, 1555 Pocatello Creek Road
Feb 9 - Idaho Falls, Residence Inn, 635 West Broadway
Feb 9 - Ashton, Trails Inn Restaurant, 213 2nd St
Feb 10 - Preston, Robinson Building, 186 West 2nd North
ALL schools start at 8:30 AM and have a similar agenda (only three were posted here)
» http://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho/events
» Burley
UI Cereals Field Days and Extension Variety Trials
Small Grains All Locations
Cereal Insects and Pathology, Cereals Breeding, Cereal Agronomy
Posted on: July 7, 2016 by Juliet Marshall
Come join our Cereals Field Days to learn about new cereal varieties and pests!
July 12th at Idaho Falls starting at 4 PM.
UI and Bonneville County Grain Growers
Meet at Marc Thiels
West side of road just north of W 17th South
2550 S 45th W
Idaho Falls, ID
July 13th at Aberdeen R&E Center, starting at 8:30 AM
1693 S 2700 W
Aberdeen, ID 83210
Idaho Wheat Commission and UI-CALS wireworm survey
Small Grains All Locations
wireworm
Posted on: June 1, 2016 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Cathy Wilson (Director of Research Collaboration) from the Idaho Wheat Commission and Dr. Arash Rashad from the UI-CALS Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences are conducting a survey about the impact of wireworm in cereals production. Wireworm has been a serious pest in cereals due to limited management options. The only registered chemistry in cereals, i.e. neonicotinoid seed treatment, has provided limited protection and wireworms continue to be a major challenge to Idaho producers. The pest is wide spread and is present across southern and northern Idaho. Previous research conducted in Canada has shown that fipronil causes considerable mortality in wireworms and the IWC and UI-CALS need this survey information to initiate a section 18 application for growers that are greatly suffering from this pest. Results from this survey will also be used to highlight producers/industry concerns about this pest, and will assist in approaching various sources of funding to support research on wireworm management in the PNW and intermountain regions. Please take a few minutes to complete this survey about an important pest in cereals. Start by clicking on the link below.
» http://www.surveygizmo.com/s3/2742917/Economic-impact-of-wireworm
Stripe rust in wheat and barley
Small Grains All Locations
stripe rust of wheat
Posted on: May 13, 2016 by Juliet Marshall
Stripe rust continues to spread and is now affecting susceptible spring wheat (UI Pettit) as well as winter wheat. From Oregon to Eastern Idaho, be prepared to apply fungicides to susceptible and moderately susceptible varieties. The fungi infect, take a week or two to develop, and suddenly stripe rust pustules appear seemingly overnight. The application of triazole fungicides are critical in reducing the impact on crops that are already infected, so triazoles and mixed mode of action fungicides are needed to stop the fungi in fields that already have infections. Click on the Cereals Project link to access a Fungicide Efficacy Table and more information about this disease.
Stripe rust in barley has been reported - but at low levels and in one field. This is a different strain, and stripe rust of wheat does not cause stripe rust in barley. Scout fields of wheat and barley, and report occurrence, location and variety to me at jmarshall@uidaho.edu. Thank you to all who have sent me pictures and outbreaks!
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in the Treasure Valley
Small Grains Treasure Valley
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus
Posted on: April 8, 2016 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Olga Walsh, Research Assistant Professor of Cropping Systems Agronomy, at the U of Idaho Southwest Idaho Research and Extension Center (Parma) is reporting that Barley Yellow Dwarf virus has been identified in winter wheat fields near Parma and near Nampa. Click on the link below to see images of BYDV in winter wheat. Dr. Juliet Marshall posted an alert on April 5, 2016 containing a great deal of management information about BYDV.
» http://idcrops.blogspot.com/2016/04/barley-yellow-dwarf-virus-in-winter.html
Cereal Leaf Beetle near Parma
Small Grains Treasure Valley
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Posted on: April 8, 2016 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Olga Walsh, Research Assistant Professor of Cropping Systems Agronomy, at the U of Idaho Southwest Idaho Research and Extension Center (Parma) is reporting that cereal leaf beetle adults are actively flying in winter wheat fields near Parma. Adults have been laying eggs and larvae are beginning to emerge. The cereal leaf beetle has a variety of hosts among cereals and grasses with preference to oat, barley, wheat, rye, timothy, fescue, grain sorghum and corn. Substantial crop yield loss and quality decrease can be expected due to lost photosynthetic activity resulting from the feeding damage.
Scouting of fields is vital both before and during the boot stage to assess for cereal leaf beetle presence and damage. It is recommended to scout weekly by walking through the field in a “W” pattern for best coverage. Stop at 5-10 locations depending on field size and examine 10 plants per location. Count the number of eggs and larvae per plant for smaller plants or per stem for larger plants.
Treatment thresholds: 3 larvae per plant and/or 3 eggs per plant before boot stage, and 1 larva per flag leaf after boot stage.
Click on the links below for management information from the 2016 PNW Insect Management Handbook and to see images of CLB life stages.
» http://insect.pnwhandbooks.org/agronomic/small-grain/small-grain-cereal-leaf-beetle
BYD occurring in early planted winter wheat
Small Grains All Locations
Barley Yellow Dwarf
Posted on: November 20, 2015 by Juliet Marshall
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus is being found in early-planted fall wheat in areas southern and eastern Idaho. Symptoms include various degrees of yellowing, reddening, and purpling of the leaves.
Alate aphids were found in the fields prior to cold temperatures. See the picture of the aphids provided by Dr. David Hole in Logan Utah.
For more information, see the BYD CIS 1210 at: http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/CIS/CIS1210.pdf
or visit the website: http://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho
and Click on “Cereal Disease Projects and Information”
and / or “Updates”
vole control in triticale
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
voles
Posted on: October 30, 2015 by Jerry Neufeld
The US-EPA recently approved a zinc phosphide product for vole control in Triticale. Click on the pdf below to read the label.
Small Grains Field Days - Idaho Falls and Aberdeen
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Variety Trials and Cereal Pests
Posted on: June 30, 2015 by Juliet Marshall
Please join us for these upcoming Cereals Field Days!
Idaho Falls - July 9 starting at 4:00 PM at Marc Thiel’s: across the street from the house 2550 S 45th W, Idaho Falls, ID. Dinner to follow at Sealander Park. Contacts for additional for details: Derek Reed; (208) 390-7191 and derekreed33@gmail.com or Juliet.Marshall@uidaho.edu
Aberdeen - July 15th starting at 8:30 AM at the Aberdeen R&E Center, 1693 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210. Contacts for additional details (and see attached flier) Dr. Jianli Chen; (208) 397-4162 or jchen@uidaho.edu and Juliet.Marshall@uidaho.edu
Small Grains Field Days - Idaho Falls and Aberdeen
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Variety Trials and Cereal Pests
Posted on: June 30, 2015 by Juliet Marshall
Please join us for these upcoming Cereals Field Days!
Idaho Falls - July 9 starting at 4:00 PM at Marc Thiel’s: across the street from the house 2550 S 45th W, Idaho Falls, ID. Dinner to follow at Sealander Park. Contacts for additional for details: Derek Reed; (208) 390-7191 and derekreed33@gmail.com or Juliet.Marshall@uidaho.edu
Aberdeen - July 15th starting at 8:30 AM at the Aberdeen R&E Center, 1693 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210. Contacts for additional details (and see attached flier) Dr. Jianli Chen; (208) 397-4162 or jchen@uidaho.edu and Juliet.Marshall@uidaho.edu
BYD SYmposium - July 1 in Burley
Small Grains All Locations
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus
Posted on: June 26, 2015 by Juliet Marshall
Come join us next WEDNESDAY!!! July 1 at the Best Western Burley Inn. Learn about BYDV, the disease, insect vector and control methods. Provide input on future research needs! AND get a free lunch for your time - just RSVP to Mike Erickson at mike.erickson@mcgregor.com or at (208)305-7458.
SPONSORS: McGregor, University of Idaho, Idaho Wheat Commission, Idaho Barley Commission
July 1 WEDNESDAY
Burley Inn
8:30 AM Registration
9:00 AM Start
Lunch provided - please RSVP by calling Mike Erickson at
(208)305-7458 or mike.erickson@mcgregor.com
BYD SYmposium - July 1 in Burley
Small Grains All Locations
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus
Posted on: June 26, 2015 by Juliet Marshall
Come join us next WEDNESDAY!!! July 1 at the Best Western Burley Inn. Learn about BYDV, the disease, insect vector and control methods. Provide input on future research needs! AND get a free lunch for your time - just RSVP to Mike Erickson at mike.erickson@mcgregor.com or at (208)305-7458.
SPONSORS: McGregor, University of Idaho, Idaho Wheat Commission, Idaho Barley Commission
July 1 WEDNESDAY
Burley Inn
8:30 AM Registration
9:00 AM Start
Lunch provided - please RSVP by calling Mike Erickson at
(208)305-7458 or mike.erickson@mcgregor.com
Cereals Tour in Parma this week
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Oregon
Posted on: June 23, 2015 by Bill Buhrig
Here is a quick reminder about the OSU/UI Cereal Tour in Parma this Thursday (June 25). We will start at noon with lunch and then wander out to the plots. Check out the attached flier for more information!
Cereals Tour in Parma this week
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Oregon
Posted on: June 23, 2015 by Bill Buhrig
Here is a quick reminder about the OSU/UI Cereal Tour in Parma this Thursday (June 25). We will start at noon with lunch and then wander out to the plots. Check out the attached flier for more information!
Small Grains Field Days this week - Arbon, Rockland and Rupe
Small Grains All Locations
various pests discussed
Posted on: June 14, 2015 by Juliet Marshall
Please feel free to attend the Cereal Field Tours hosted by the University of Idaho on Wednesday and Thursday!
Rockland and Arbon Valley:
The Cereal Field Day in Power County this year will feature variety plots at both Rockland Valley and Arbon Valley locations on Wednesday, June 17th. The Rockland Valley Field Day will begin at 9:30 a.m. at the plot site on Deeg Road. Head South on Rock Creek Road, and take a right on Deeg road. The plots are about ½ mile on the north side. The Arbon Valley Field Day will begin at 2:00 p.m. at the Hayden Farm. The plots are located on Mid Crystal Road near the Hayden home. Please see the attached map for directions.
Dr. Jianli Chen, University of Idaho Wheat Breeder stationed at Aberdeen, will present potential new spring and winter wheat releases. Dr. Juliet Marshall, Extension Crop Management Specialist, will lead a discussion on cereal disease issues that have come up this year.
Growers in attendance will be encouraged to tour the variety plots at each location. Refreshments will be provided by the Power County Wheat Growers Association.
Rupert Minidoka:
We will be touring both Winter and Spring extension variety Trials, starting at 9:30. Meet at the spring variety trial site - 925 E 700 N. Rupert.
Lunch provided - sponsored by Helena Chemical
Contact Joel Packham at:
Joel Packham;(208) 878-9461 or jpackham@uidaho.edu
Small Grains Field Days this week - Arbon, Rockland and Rupe
Small Grains All Locations
various pests discussed
Posted on: June 14, 2015 by Juliet Marshall
Please feel free to attend the Cereal Field Tours hosted by the University of Idaho on Wednesday and Thursday!
Rockland and Arbon Valley:
The Cereal Field Day in Power County this year will feature variety plots at both Rockland Valley and Arbon Valley locations on Wednesday, June 17th. The Rockland Valley Field Day will begin at 9:30 a.m. at the plot site on Deeg Road. Head South on Rock Creek Road, and take a right on Deeg road. The plots are about ½ mile on the north side. The Arbon Valley Field Day will begin at 2:00 p.m. at the Hayden Farm. The plots are located on Mid Crystal Road near the Hayden home. Please see the attached map for directions.
Dr. Jianli Chen, University of Idaho Wheat Breeder stationed at Aberdeen, will present potential new spring and winter wheat releases. Dr. Juliet Marshall, Extension Crop Management Specialist, will lead a discussion on cereal disease issues that have come up this year.
Growers in attendance will be encouraged to tour the variety plots at each location. Refreshments will be provided by the Power County Wheat Growers Association.
Rupert Minidoka:
We will be touring both Winter and Spring extension variety Trials, starting at 9:30. Meet at the spring variety trial site - 925 E 700 N. Rupert.
Lunch provided - sponsored by Helena Chemical
Contact Joel Packham at:
Joel Packham;(208) 878-9461 or jpackham@uidaho.edu
Stripe Rust Alert (Wheat) and Spot Form of Net Blotch (Barle
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust and Spot Form of Net Blotch
Posted on: May 27, 2015 by Juliet Marshall
Spring and Winter Wheat
1) Stripe rust
Stripe rust is being reported from a widespread area, including northern Utah, western Idaho, southern Idaho (Twin Falls and Burley / Rupert area) and now eastern Idaho (Newdale and Blackfoot).
All reports so far have been in Brundage soft white winter wheat.
Brundage is very susceptible. If you have not be applying fungicides to this variety up to now, I would consider it infected and treat with a triazole fungicide which has some curative activity.
Strobilurin products may have reduced efficacy on stripe rust if the plants are already infected.
The Pre-Harvest Interval (PHI) has been reached in some winter wheat production at which time it is too late to apply fungicides. Always follow label directions.
Spray appropriate fungicides on susceptible spring wheat varieties at herbicide application.
2) BYD
Barley yellow dwarf symptoms are re-occurring in infected fields. Expect to see flag leaves with the typical yellow and red “flags”. For more information, see http://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho and click on publications to download the BYD bulletin published by the UI. The heavy rains have really helped to mitigate the damage.
3) RWA
Russian Wheat Aphids are damaging wheat in several areas - look for white (bleached) stripes on tightly curled leaves, and trapped heads which appear similar to frost damaged heads. We are seeing frost damage (which is the likely cause in the picture below) and RWA damage in wheat. RWA will colonize both wheat and barley.
Winter and Spring barley
1) BYD problems may resurface as plants begin to head. Expect to see flag leaves with the typical yellow and red “flags”. For more information, see http://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho and click on publications to download the BYD bulletin published by the UI. The heavy rains have really helped to mitigate the damage from the virus.
2) SFNB = Spot Form of Net Blotch is showing in barley fields, especially if the field has second year crops or has infected residue from the previous year. The disease can also survive on grassy weeds and volunteer barley, and be spread by infected seed. Use full strength fungicides for control when spraying herbicides for weed control.
» http://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho
Parma Cereal Field Day - June 25
Small Grains Treasure Valley
Posted on: May 13, 2015 by Olga Walsh
Stripe rust
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Oregon
Stripe rust
Posted on: May 6, 2015 by Bill Buhrig
Stripe rust has been found in a winter wheat field in Malheur County. The infected field had small patches of stripe rust but was not thoroughly distributed. This discovery falls in line with stripe rust being found in Canyon County. Work with your field consultants and incorporate good scouting procedures for your fields to develop a plan of action as necessary.
Please check out the links attached. One is from the PNW Plant Disease Management Handbook and the other is from Juliet Marshall with the U of I and has been linked prior on the PNWPestalert site. Both have great information on stripe rust.
» http://pnwhandbooks.org/plantdisease/wheat-triticum-aestivum-stripe-rust-yellow-rust
Cereal Leaf Beetle in Winter Wheat, Parma
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Posted on: April 29, 2015 by Olga Walsh
Cereal leaf beetle infestation was identified in winter wheat experimental plots at the University of Idaho Parma Research and Extension Center as well as in surrounding grower fields in Canyon County. The typical feeding patterns, eggs and larvae have been confirmed by Dr. James Barbour, UI IPM Specialist. The first symptoms of infestation became apparent last week. Currently, most plants have at least one leaf with obvious feeding damage. The cereal leaf beetle has a variety of hosts among cereals and grasses with preference to oat, barley, wheat, rye, timothy, fescue, grain sorghum and corn. Substantial crop yield loss and quality decrease can be expected due to lost photosynthetic activity resulting from the feeding damage.
Cereal leaf beetle is a quarantined insect the U.S., which means that the presence of beetles in grain restricts exports to uninfested areas. Fumigation is required to prevent the spread of beetle infestation.
Scouting of fields is vital both before and during the boot stage to assess for cereal leaf beetle presence and damage. It is recommended to scout weekly by walking through the field in a “W” pattern for best coverage. Stop at 5-10 locations depending on field size and examine 10 plants per location. Count the number of eggs and larvae per plant for smaller plants or per stem for larger plants.
Treatment thresholds: 3 larvae per plant and/or 3 eggs per plant before boot stage, and 1 larva per flag leaf after boot stage.
Management-chemical control (From PNW Insect Management Handbook)
• bifenthrin (BrigadeÆ 2EC and WSB) at 6.4 fl oz/a (0.1 lb ai/a). Apply in spring if one or more eggs or larvae are detected or in late summer if beetles are defoliating seedling stands. Maximum amount allowed 12.8 fl oz/a (0.2 lb ai/a) per season but no more than once every 12 days. PHI 30 days prior to harvest for forage, hay and seed.
• cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.013 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 12 hr. Maximum amount allowed per 5 day interval is 0.022 lb ai/a. Maximum amount allowed per crop season is 0.089 lb ai/a.
• lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior) at 0.02 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing and forage, 7 days for straw and seed crop. REI 24 hr.
• zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang MAX) at 0.0175 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days forage, hay; 7 days straw and seed screenings. REI 12 hr. For forage and hay use no more than 0.10 lb ai/a per season; make subsequent applications no closer than 7 days. For straw and seed screenings use no more than 0.125 lb ai/a per season; make subsequent applications no closer than 17 days.
» http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/CIS/CIS0994.pdf
» http://insect.pnwhandbooks.org/legume-grass-field-seed/grass-seed/grass-seed-cereal-leaf-beetle
Stripe rust in wheat
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust
Posted on: April 29, 2015 by Juliet Marshall
Stripe rust was found (thanks Dr. Oliver Neher for being so observant!) in the Parma area, on the Parma research station in winter wheat that's in the boot stage. While not yet severe, I fully expect it to be widespread. Be prepared to spray susceptible varieties as stripe rust heads east.
Information on variety reactions is available in our small grains report (in variety descriptions and in an appendix table that describes spring wheat reactions).
http://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho/sgr
Also check the disease page on our website for additional information:
http://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho/disease
» http://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho/sgr
BYD problems in winter grain
Small Grains All Locations
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus
Posted on: March 27, 2015 by Juliet Marshall
Our winter wheat and winter barley crops have broken dormancy very early - I’d say we are 3 - 4 weeks ahead of “average" and almost all of our spring wheat is planted.
About 3 weeks ago, we started having symptoms of BYD showing in winter cereal fields. Two times in the last two weeks I have taken a tour through the southern part of the state. In most areas, 85-95% of our winter wheat fields are showing 95-100% incidence. Some are severe, and growers are removing (spraying and plowing) some of these fields and replanting spring grain or dry beans. Growth stages are tillering to jointing.
Contributing factors include unusual rains last August, high populations of aphids in the fall (especially in the corn that was green chopped), a long fall, and we have had one of the warmest winters / earliest springs on record. Full rates of insecticidal seed treatments have been ineffective due to a long warm fall and high aphid populations.
Dr. Arash Rashed and I have been wiring very hard to obtain ELISA and qPCR confirmation before sending out too many alerts to the growers. I did send an alert March 16th, but didn’t want to do another until we had proof positive - double - that what we were seeing was totally accurate. It is so widespread that even I was questioning myself. It is EVERYWHERE - from Parma to Idaho Falls and Ririe.
We also have severe drought conditions, which makes mitigation more difficult and damage potentially more severe. Many growers will not be able to apply irrigation for another 1-3 weeks.
We have virus in wheat, barley, timothy and field borders, roadsides, ditch banks, and farmyard grasses.I expect greater than 30% losses, in some fields greater than 60% losses. Winter malt barley fields will not make malt. Many winter wheat fields will have to go for feed.
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in Winter Wheat
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus
Posted on: March 20, 2015 by Olga Walsh
BYDV confirmed
Small Grains All Locations
BYDV
Posted on: March 12, 2015 by Juliet Marshall
Winter wheat and winter barley is showing significant symptoms of BYDV in Burley area. See the publication for additional information.
Symptoms have been confirmed with ELISA and PCR.
Direct Seed Workshop, Idaho Falls March 11
Small Grains All Locations
Meeting announcment
Posted on: February 11, 2015 by Juliet Marshall
Direct Seed Workshop - March 11, 2014
Shilo Inn, Idaho Falls, 780 Lindsay Blvd
Direct Seed 101—Grower Panel
High Residue Farming In Irrigated Cropping Systems
Alfalfa to No-Till Corn: A Cropping Rotation We Can Learn From & Glyphosate Usage
Soil Moisture, Nutrients, and Weeds in No-Till cropping Systems
Why Understand Wireworms at a Fundamental Level?
» http://www.idahowheat.org/education/direct-seed-workshop.aspx
Cereal Schools in southern Idaho
Small Grains All Locations
Diseases and Insects Galore! Fertilizer, Falling Numbers, and Varieties
Posted on: January 27, 2015 by Juliet Marshall
Upcoming Cereal Schools - CCA and ISDA pesticide credits available.
Need to see an AGENDA? check out http://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho/upcoming-events
ALL SCHOOLS START AT 8:30 AM (registration) with presentations beginning at 9:00 AM
Feb 3rd - Burley, Idaho. Burley Inn. 800 N. Overland Ave.
Feb 4th - Pocatello, Idaho. Red Lion Hotel, 1555 Pocatello Creek Road.
Feb 5th - Ashton, ID. Trails Inn Restaurant
Feb 5th - Idaho Falls, ID. Bennion Student Union, University Place. 1784 Science Center Drive NEW LOCATION parking in the back
Feb 6th - Preston, ID. Robinson Fair Grounds, 186 West 2nd North.
» http://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho
» http://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho/upcoming-events
Last Cereals Field Day for Cereals 2014 Season
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
all of them
Posted on: July 29, 2014 by Juliet Marshall
At 10 AM on Thursday morning, please join us for the last Cereals Field Day of the season!
The location: Marotz Farm 1475 N 400 E, Ashton, ID
TEN AM!! LUNCH PROVIDED!
Contacts: Lance Ellis (208) 624-3102
Juliet Marshall (208) 529-8376
New barley disease
Small Grains All Locations
Spot Form of Net Blotch
Posted on: July 7, 2014 by Juliet Marshall
Last year, a new barley disease was seen for the first time west of Blackfoot.
This year, numerous examples have been seen of the Spot Form of Net Blotch, also called SFNB. So far, we are not able to determine damage estimates for our production conditions. In other areas where the disease occurs (Montana, MonDak areas), losses of 50-75% have been reported. Again, there are no estimates of damage potential here. Full rates of fungicides are recommended for control in susceptible varieties. The 2014 PNW Plant Disease Management Handbook lists the following fungicides for control (this list may not be inclusive of all effective fungicides): Headline (6-9 fl oz/A), Stratego (7 fl oz/A), Vertisan (14-24 fl oz/A), Priaxor Xemium (4-8 fl oz / A).
Please see attached pictures.
» SFNB
» SFNB
stripe rust
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust in wheat and barley
Posted on: July 7, 2014 by Juliet Marshall
Stripe rust has been reported in UI Pettit in the Rockford area south west of Blackfoot.
Stripe rust has been reported in Snow Crest
Stripe rust has been reported in Paloma, Blackfoot area.
Stripe rust has been reported in WB936 on west side of Idaho Falls.
Stripe rust has been reported in a spring feed barley (http://www.westbred.com/Products/Northwest/Barley%20Documents/WESTBRED_501.pdf) north of Rupert and south of Burley. The barley was in milk to soft dough. Fungicide application is not recommended for the barley, and in addition the allowable time frame has passed for fungicide application in that field.
Warmer temperatures should slow the rate of spread, but the nighttime cool temperatures and irrigated conditions will still allow the fungi to advance. IF the infections are appearing within the appropriate time frame, fungicide application is recommended to reduce yield loss in susceptible varieties. Please read and follow all label directions.
Stripe rust on spring wheat
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust in wheat
Posted on: June 30, 2014 by Juliet Marshall
Stripe rust continues to expand in the susceptible winter wheat varieties, and is even developing in kernels of WB470. It is likely TOO LATE to spray fungicides on any winter wheat except those in the northernmost growing areas (Ashton, St. Anthony) and is most likely past legal application in those areas as well. Remember there is a pre-harvest interval for application - read and follow label directions.
It is NOT TOO LATE to protect susceptible spring wheat. High levels of SR are being reported in the Bingham county area in Snow Crest hard white spring wheat. Strobilurin fungicides will protect wheat from infection by stripe rust but will not have the curative properties if infection is present in the field - in that case it is best to include a triazole fungicide or mixes of strobi’s and triazoles.
Current conditions, especially these cool nighttime temperatures, are favorable for infection and continued spread.
Thanks to all who have reported the occurrence of SR in their area or fields!
» http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/disease/stripe_rust.htm
stripe rust
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust in wheat
Posted on: June 25, 2014 by Juliet Marshall
Stripe rust has now been reported in multiple locations throughout the region, including areas near Shelley, Rising River, Plano, and Ft. Hall in the soft white winter varieties Brundage and WB 470. Some of the winter wheat crop is in grain fill, and milk to soft dough. Please be aware that the winter wheat growth stages may be beyond the labeled legal application of fungicides for pre-harvest intervals. Depending on fungicide, the cut-off timing may be 50% flowering - CHECK LABELS BEFORE application.
Of greatest concern now would be vulnerable spring wheats that are susceptible to stripe rust. These would include Klasic, Snow Crest, UI Pettit, WB 936, Lochsa, Lolo, Kelse, WB-Paloma.
» http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/disease/stripe_rust.htm
OSU/U of I Cereals Variety Day in Parma
Small Grains Treasure Valley
Posted on: June 12, 2014 by Bill Buhrig
Oregon State and the University of Idaho invite interested folks to attend a Cereals Variety Day at the Parma R and E Center June 20th. It is free to the public and starts @ 9AM.
The attached flier has the directions and details.
Breeding and extension personnel from both OSU and U of I will be on hand to discuss the variety nurseries which include both wheat and barley in spring and fall trials. Lunch will follow around noon.
For more information or to RSVP, please give Bill Buhrig a call @ 541-881-1417 or email @ william.buhrig@oregonstate.edu.
Stripe rust on wheat
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust in wheat
Posted on: May 30, 2014 by Juliet Marshall
Stripe Rust was confirmed in the Hazleton area with one field of Brundage soft white winter wheat, showing heavy and uniform infection stripe rust infection. Many Brundage fields in the area are already scheduled for aerial application of fungicides to reduce spread and damage. Winter wheat in that area is about 50% headed.
Brad Brown, Extension Soil and Crop Management Specialist in Parma, has reported stripe rust in winter wheat in the Parma area. I don’t know extent or variety at this time.
Currently throughout the southern Idaho production area, early-planted winter wheat is starting to head or is past flowering in western Idaho. Yields are still vulnerable at this time. WSU recommendations include spraying if a field shows 5-10% stripe rust severity or incidence unless you know that the variety is 90-95% resistant. Susceptible varieties, like Brundage SHOULD BE SPRAYED with fungicides – strobilurins are excellent protectants, but consider triazoles alone or tank mixed with strobilurins if stripe rust is already present in the area. Triazoles have some curative activity.
Most of the wheat and barley varieties grown in the area will have adult plant resistance, which will aid in preventing extensive losses, and as the weather becomes warm and dry, spread should decrease. Fewer varieties will have seedling resistance. This leaves seedling and pre-jointing wheat vulnerable to infection. Follow the scouting recommendations, of looking for areas that appear nitrogen deficient and searching for pustules on lower leaves. As with winter wheat, if there is 5-10% infection in the spring wheat, spraying with fungicides is highly recommended. In spring wheat, susceptible varieties should be sprayed with fungicides at herbicide application.
Consider the economics of spraying. Susceptible crops with high yield potential (especially irrigated crops) should be at the top of the priority list for spraying. Losses of up to 60% and greater can occur in susceptible varieties.
Scout seedling spring wheat aggressively. The earlier the infection, the greater the potential loss. Look for early infection on the lower leaves.
Consider spraying when 10% of any leaf on 10% of the plants are showing pustules. Follow all label directions when spraying fungicides.
Protect the flag leaf! About 1/3 of carbohydrates for grain fill comes from that flag leaf.
DON’T:
Spray with a fungicide after grain fill is too late.
Spray after most of the flag leaves are showing 5-10% infection - it may be too late to control economic damage.
Don’t assume previously resistant varieties are safe from infection. The pathogen can change genetically and infect previously resistant varieties.
» http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/disease/stripe_rust.htm
cereal leaf beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley
cereal leaf beetle
Posted on: May 8, 2014 by Jerry Neufeld
Yesterday I found cereal leaf beetle larvae in winter wheat at the UI Parma R and E Center. There were not many, but they are out there. You may want to keep a look out for these pests, especially as spring grains begin to increase in foliage, since they are the preferred host. Click on the link below for more information about CLB.
Barley Yellow Dwarf in Winter Barley
Small Grains All Locations
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus
Posted on: March 27, 2014 by Juliet Marshall
BYD in winer barley was reported to me by Steve Hines in the Filer area. Pictures show symptoms very characteristic of BYD. We should be keeping an eye out (scouting) for winter wheat and barley fields affected by the problem.
Symptoms include yellowing of leaves, stunting of plants both above and below ground (look for small root systems), and irregular heading with small heads in affected plants. Often, the most severe symptoms will occur along field edges and the edges created along the tracks of pivot tires. (Please see pictures.) There may also be a yellowing to a very characteristic reddening of leaves of infected weedy grasses in nearby ditch banks, which also host the virus and aphids. Additional symptoms may also include notching of the leaf margins, twisting, leaf tip scorch, and abnormal development of emerging leaves.
Yield losses increase with earlier infections, especially if the infection occurred in the previous fall (which is very likely to be the issue here) and can approach 100% in severely affected fields, especially in early-infected winter barley. Fall infection occurs as large populations of aphids migrate from other crops to newly emerged wheat or barley. Aphids are attracted to lush growth that occurs under irrigation, often leaving plants in dryland corners alone. Those plants emerging earlier or planted earlier were more likely to attract viruliferous aphids.
The species of aphids that can carry the BYDV viruses are many, but
the most common culprits include Bird cherry-oat aphids and English grain aphids. Greenbug and corn leaf aphids can also transmit the BYDV virus.
The virus strain identified by molecular techniques in 2013 (by Dr. Alex Karasev, UI virologist in Moscow) was the PAV strain of BYDV, which is efficiently transmitted by the Bird cherry oat aphid (Ropalosiphum padi) and the English grain aphid (Schizaphis avenae). Aphids can pick up the BYDV virus from infected wild and cultivated grasses, volunteer cereals, and corn.
The virus spreads only in conjunction with the movement of the aphid vector, and virus transmission is greater at low temperatures. The virus is not seed-borne.
At this point, reducing crop stress will reduce the effect of the virus on the plant, but yield losses will occur both through reduced grain production as well as reduced test weight. The most effective control is through the use of resistant varieties, but insecticidal seed treatments may reduce the initial spread in fall wheat and barley. Viruliferous
aphids will still transmit the virus in the fall before the insecticides kill the aphid, but as the insecticides wear off over time, new invading aphids will continue to transmit virus.
Current aphid populations are very low, and spring wheat and barley
should escape early infection. Reducing infection in the fall-planted grain includes adjusted (later) planting dates to avoid peak aphid activity.
» BYDV
Stripe rust in winter wheat in Montana
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust
Posted on: September 27, 2013 by Juliet Marshall
Please take note that stripe rust in winter wheat was confirmed in Montana by Mary Burrows, Montana State University extension pathologist. This does not mean that we have it in Idaho; however anyone growing Brundage soft white winter wheat should scout for signs and symptoms! Please contact Juliet Marshall (jmarshall@uidaho.edu) if you suspect stripe rust in susceptible varieties. Check Brundage and Moreland first, but keep an eye out no matter what varieties you have.
There is a lot of green bridge material out there! So watch for insects (especially aphids) and diseases.
Planting Tips for Winter Cereals - BYDV
Small Grains All Locations
BYDV and aphids
Posted on: September 12, 2013 by Juliet Marshall
Planting winter cereals in Idaho– protecting your investment.
University of Idaho. Pest alert, September 12, 2013.
Dr. Juliet M. Marshall, Cereal Agronomy and Pathology
Dr. Arash Rashed, Entomology
Over the past several years our winter cereal production, in Idaho, has been negatively impacted with various arthropod pests and disease, including Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV).
Below, are a few suggestions made to improve the overall health of our winter crops and to reduce the risk of significant yield loss due to disease problems:
Control volunteers and eliminate “green bridges”. Volunteer wheat and barley, as well as wild grasses, can host various pests of small grains, which may later invade your newly emerged winter crop. Break the green bridge by removing volunteers and having at least two weeks where there is no available host material. Corn is also a host for some insects and diseases that will affect cereals. For instance, aphids can transmit BYD virus from corn, which can harbor the virus but not be affected by it. Some evidence suggests that insecticide sprays in corn and in grassy borders would be effective in reducing BYDV incidence.
Small grains and other grasses (including grassy weeds) are known to host various cereal aphids (i.e. bird cherry-oat aphid, corn leaf aphid, and English grain aphid), and in the case of BYDV, the virus itself. Thus, crops like beets and alfalfa are not expected to act as a source of BYDV. If BYD virus was in your barley planted near beets last year, you likely had volunteers and grassy field borders as the source of infection. Fields could also be infected by newly arriving virus-carrying aphids.
Use treated seed. Insecticidal seed treatments can reduce aphid colonization of the crop, and subsequently, the secondary spread of BYDV. However, you may still get some virus transmission until the aphids ingest lethal levels of insecticides. Insecticides will also reduce the impact of wireworm feeding. Fungicides are also important for reducing soil and seed-borne diseases and early infection of seedling diseases.
Use resistant varieties. The most effective means to reduce diseases (stripe rust, for example) is to select varieties with resistance. For some diseases, such as BYDV, we don’t have wheat varieties with known levels of resistance to recommend at this point.
Planting date. Follow recommended planting dates for winter wheat and barley, and avoid early planting to minimize the exposure of emerging plants and young seedlings to virus-carrying aphids and other pests.
Seeding depth. In our dryland areas, we have had enough rainfall to replenish soil moisture in the seeding zone. With adequate moisture for rapid germination, you should not be planting deep – this year plant shallow – 1 to 1.5 inches will promote rapid emergence, good stand establishment and will help plants to withstand soilborne diseases such as Fusarium dryland crown rot. Deep planting will force the seed to expend more energy getting to the soil surface, weakening the seedling. It will also increase the chances of crusting prior to emergence. Under irrigation, the same practices apply – with adequate moisture, never plant deeper than 1.5 inches.
Seeding rate should be calculated based on seeds per acre, not lbs/A. Seed irrigated crops at 1 to 1.2 million seeds per acre when planting in our recommended planting window, as winter cereals will tiller adequately. Obviously, if you have to seed later following potatoes or sugar beets, there is less time for plant development and you should increase your seeding rate. If you have a very rough seed bed, increasing the seeding rate will also improve uniform plant stands. Under dryland conditions, reduce the seeding rate significantly, to 600,000 seeds/A for winter barley and 700,000 seeds/A for winter wheat.
Feed the seed. Use phosphorus to promote good root development. Starter fertilizers go a long way to promoting healthy crops, even when soil tests indicate adequate phosphorus levels. At high soil pH, phosphorus becomes unavailable, so even 10-15 lbs in furrow or below the seed can make considerable differences in root development and plant health.
Feed the plant. Soil test to determine available nutrients. Fertilize for expected yield. Consider adding 10-20 lbs/A KCl for straw strength and disease reduction. Sulfur is very important for end-use quality, and 20-40 lbs of sulfate per acre is strongly recommended for protein quality of hard red and hard white winter wheat.
Scout for problems. Monitor crops as they are growing for symptoms of nutrient deficiencies, weed infestations, insect problems, and disease incidence, and treat according to recommendations. The faster your remedy yield-robbing maladies, the greater your yield potential.
As a general rule, agronomic and cultural methods must be practiced, not only to reduce immediate risk, but also to help to achieve a sustainable pest management in the long run.
Correction to date of Caribou Field day - THURSDAY, the 18th
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Variety Trials
Posted on: July 9, 2013 by Juliet Marshall
Please join the Caribou County Grain Growers and University of Idaho for a Grain Field Day and Dinner.
3:00 PM
July 18, 2013 - Thursday, starting at the Spring Trials
(Spring Trial Directions: From stop light at Chevron station go north on Government Dam Road to stop sign about 2 miles north. Turn left and go about 1 1/2 miles north of Hooper Springs to crossroad of truck crossing. Turn left and go 1/4 mile to driveway of Sid Cellans house and turn in driveway. Spring Plots are in field in front of Sids house.
Winter Trials (Winter trials are further north on Government Dam Road 4 or 5 miles to 10 mile pass road. Turn left on 10 mile pass road and go about 2 miles west. Look for plots on north side of road or the left. They are marked with flags.)
Caribou County Field Day
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
all pests, dryland grain
Posted on: July 9, 2013 by Juliet Marshall
Please join the Caribou County Grain Growers and University of Idaho for a Grain Field Day and Dinner.
3:00 PM
July 18, 2013 - Wednesday, starting at the Spring Trials
(Spring Trial Directions: From stop light at Chevron station go north on Government Dam Road to stop sign about 2 miles north. Turn left and go about 1 1/2 miles north of Hooper Springs to crossroad of truck crossing. Turn left and go 1/4 mile to driveway of Sid Cellans house and turn in driveway. Spring Plots are in field in front of Sids house.
Winter Trials (Winter trials are further north on Government Dam Road 4 or 5 miles to 10 mile pass road. Turn left on 10 mile pass road and go about 2 miles west. Look for plots on north side of road or the left. They are marked with flags.)
Idaho Falls Irrigated Cereals Field Day
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Various and too many?
Posted on: July 1, 2013 by Juliet Marshall
16 Jul Idaho Falls: UI Cereals Extension Field Day with Bonneville County Grain Growers
WHERE: Idaho Falls, Thiel brothers’ on New Sweden Hwy, 2550 S 45th West
WHEN: Tour starts at 4:00 p.m. Dinner provided. Steak fry at Sealander Park: 6510 So. 65th W. around 6:00 pm.
CONTACTS: Juliet Marshall, (208-390-4859), juliet.marshall@uidaho.edu; Wayne Jones, (208-529-1390), wjones@uidaho.edu; Matt Gellings, (208-206-0126), mjgellings@msn.com; Mark Mulberry, (208) 524-5218, mmulberry56@gmail.com
Aberdeen Cereals Field Day
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Various
Posted on: June 26, 2013 by Juliet Marshall
27 Jun Aberdeen: UI Cereals Extension and Wheat Breeding Field Day
WHERE: Aberdeen R&E Center, 1693 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID
WHEN: Tour starts at 9:00 AM. Lunch provided.
Please join us to tour the Aberdeen Cereals Extension Variety Trials and the UI Wheat Breeding Trials!
Field Days Next week! Dryland and Irrigated
Small Grains All Locations
Variety information and Numerous Pests
Posted on: June 20, 2013 by Juliet Marshall
Please join us for the latest information on diseases of small grains and variety information:
25 Jun Rockland: UI Wheat Breeding Program,
9:30 AM Arbon Valley: UI Wheat Breeding Program, 1:30 pm
WHERE: Meet at UI Breeding plots in Rockland and Arbon
WHEN: 9:30 AM in Rockland, 1:30 PM in Arbon
CONTACTS: Reed Findlay, (208-226-7621), rfindlay@uidaho.edu; Jianli Chen, (208-397-4162), jchen@uidaho.edu
26 Jun Rupert: UI Cereals Extension Field Day
WHERE: 700 E. 600 N.
WHEN: registration at 9:30 AM. Lunch is provided.
CONTACTS: Joel Packham, (208-878-9461) jpackham@uidaho.edu; Juliet Marshall, (208-390-4859), juliet.marshall@uidaho.edu
27 Jun Aberdeen: UI Cereals Extension and Wheat Breeding Field Day
WHERE: Aberdeen R&E Center, 1693 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID
WHEN: Tour starts at 9:00 AM. Lunch provided.
CONTACTS: Juliet Marshall, (208-390-4859), juliet.marshall@uidaho.edu; Jianli Chen, (208-397-4162), jchen@uidaho.edu
Cereal Disease Update
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust and other cereal diseases / insects
Posted on: June 14, 2013 by Juliet Marshall
Stripe rust continues to spread in Brundage and is showing up in other susceptible winter wheat varieties such as Garland hard red winter wheat. Given the current weather, the widespread nature of stripe rust in southern and eastern Idaho, and the forecast for the next week, stripe rust will start to show up in our spring wheat fields, especially the susceptible varieties.
Many winter wheat fields are past legal application of fungicides, based on growth stage and pre-harvest application (PHI) index. Please follow label directions. For fields still within the window of application, the most susceptible varieties (based on reaction to previous 2011 races) include:
Hard winter wheat:
susceptible - Deloris, DW, Boundary, Garland, Golden Spike, Moreland, Whetstone, Yellowstone, Weston, Promontory, Juniper.
Soft white winter:
susceptible - Brundage, AP Legacy, AP Badger, WB 470, Lambert, Goetze, WB528 ("slow rusting"), Agripro Legion and Salute.
This list is by no means totally inclusive. Many of the winter wheat fields, especially towards the Magic Valley and Burley areas, are past the application window (50% heading or 30 days PHI depending on fungicide used).
For the spring wheats, keep an eye on the most susceptible varieties, which include hard wheats WB 936, UI Winchester, Klasic, Snow Crest, Bullseye, Kelse, Jerome, Jefferson, Kronos (durum), WB-Idamax, and WB-Paloma. In the soft spring wheat varieties, keep an eye on Jubilee, Alpowa, Cataldo, Penawawa, and Nick. High-temperature, adult plant resistance (HTAP) should be kicking in with varieties such as Alturas and UI Pettit, but again, please scout and never assume the environmental conditions are sufficient to sustain any initiated HTAP.
Scout resistant varieties as well - never assume stripe rust won't change virulence patterns.
IN ADDITION TO stripe rust, other problems that are surfacing include Cereal Leaf beetle. Damage has been reportedly significant in the areas south and west of Blackfoot. A great reference for CLB is the University of Idaho's Current Information Series #994 (CIS994) found at http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edComm/pdf/CIS/CIS0994.pdf This reference puts the economic threshold for insecticide application at 3 larvae per plant or 3 eggs per plant or both BEFORE boot, or after boot growth stage, 1 larvae per flag leaf. There are many pesticides listed for CLB control in the 2013 PNW Insect Management Handbook http://pnwhandbooks.org/insect/ .
Now is the time to consider preventative action for our spring grain for control of FHB. Spring grain is fast approaching heading, with some of our earliest varieties like Klasic hard white showing awns and ear emergence. ESPECIALLY if you have planted spring grains following corn, consider application of one of three effective fungicides: Prosaro, Caramba or Proline. Conditions are favorable for FHB infection, especially with these storms! For wheat, application should be at 50% flowering. For barley, application will be at early head emergence. Internet references for FHB in small grains include http://msuextension.org/publications/AgandNaturalResources/MT200806AG.pdf (Mary Burrows at Montana State) and http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/smgrains/pp804.pdf (Marcia McMullen at NDSU).
Winter wheat and winter barley diseases that are showing up: Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus, Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (dry land areas), Eyespot (straw breaker foot rot), environmental damage associated with freezing temperatures.
Spring diseases that have started to show up - so far, black chaff in wheat (Xanthomonas) is just beginning. CURRENT weather is CONDUCIVE for continued development of black chaff in wheat and bacterial blight in barley (both caused by Xanthomonas bacteria. NO fungicides will control Xanthomonas).
Also, damage from Cereal Cyst Nematode is occurring in the sandy soils around Rexburg and Sugar City.
Additional stripe rust reports
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust
Posted on: June 5, 2013 by Juliet Marshall
Additional reports of stripe rust in wheat are coming in from Aberdeen, American Falls and the Pocatello area. Chad Jackson (University of Idaho) reported stripe rust in Brundage in the border of research plots on the Research station. Brad Clayson and Ron Ellis report stripe rust on the Fort Hall reservation and near Pocatello and American Falls. Additional reports continue from the Magic Valley. Most reports are of stripe rust in Brundage. If you find stripe rust in other varieties, please let me know. Again, further information is available on our website.
Stripe Rust Update
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe Rust
Posted on: June 5, 2013 by Juliet Marshall
Stripe rust has been reported in Northern Idaho by Doug Finkelnburg in the soft white winter variety 'Brundage' on the University of Idaho's research farm in Moscow, ID. Stripe rust is also confirmed in southern Idaho from the Twin Falls / Filer areas (also in Brundage) and in Declo (also in Brundage). If you are growing a susceptible variety, please scout and spray with fungicides as needed. While visiting fields in the Twin Falls area, many fields (approximately 30%) of winter wheat and winter barley were infected with BYDV. Most of the fields of winter wheat were Stephens. What appeared to be a resistant reaction to stripe rust was visible on many of the flag leaves of Stephens. Please don't assume resistance with be maintained in varieties reported as resistant, as changes can and do occur in the race structure of the stripe rust fungi. Please check our website for additional information, pictures, and fungicide efficacy chart.
cereal leaf beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley
cereal leaf beetle
Posted on: May 31, 2013 by Jerry Neufeld
I just got from scouting a spring wheat field at the UI Parma R and E Center. There are areas of the field that are experiencing heavy damage from cereal leaf beetle larvae. You may want to keep an eye out for this pest in your spring grain fields.
Stripe rust alert
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust
Posted on: May 28, 2013 by Juliet Marshall
I have had the first report of stripe rust in Idaho this year in the Hazleton area on Brundage soft white winter wheat. It was first seen 22 May by the pilot for Red Baron, Clay Seamons, and reported to me by Jared Hobson. Clay sent pictures and yes it is stripe rust.
Please scout susceptible varieties!! I will be traveling through the area on Thursday for BYDV scouting and impact assessments, but will also make additional confirmation of stripe rust. If this is the case, I am not surprised given the flow of wind from the south west where stripe rust is consistently an issue in California. It could have blown in from there. The current weather is favorable for infection and spread. winter wheat is heading and fungicides can be sprayed up to 50% flowering. I have a fungicide efficacy chart available at:
http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/
I would love to hear from you if you have additional suspected fields!
cereal leaf beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley
cereal leaf beetle
Posted on: May 13, 2013 by Jerry Neufeld
Last week I found cereal leaf beetle larvae in winter wheat at the UI Parma R and E Center. There were not many, but they are out there. You may want to keep a look out for these pests, especially as spring grains begin to increase in foliage, since they are the preferred host.
BYDV infection in wheat and barley
Small Grains All Locations
BYDV vectored by aphids
Posted on: May 9, 2013 by Juliet Marshall
PNW Pest Alert. Prepared by Juliet M. Marshall, May 9, 2013.
Widespread incidence of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) – infected winter wheat and winter barley is evident throughout the Magic Valley from Buhl to Murtaugh. Symptoms include yellowing of leaves, stunting of plants both above and below ground (look for small root systems), and irregular heading with small heads in affected plants. Often, the most severe symptoms will occur along field edges and the edges created along the tracks of pivot tires. (Please see pictures.) There may also be a yellowing to a very characteristic reddening of leaves of infected weedy grasses in nearby ditch banks (Fig. 3), which also host the virus and aphids. Additional symptoms may also include notching of the leaf margins, twisting, leaf tip scorch, and abnormal development of emerging leaves.
Yield losses increase with earlier infections, and can approach 100% in severely affected fields, especially in early-infected winter barley. Fall infection occurred in 2012 as large populations of aphids migrating from other crops to newly emerged wheat or barley. Aphids are attracted to lush growth that occurs under irrigation, often leaving plants in dryland corners alone. Those plants emerging earlier or planted earlier were more likely to attract viruliferous aphids. A mild fall led to increases in aphid populations into December before a hard frost reduced their impact and subsequent transmission of virus.
The species of aphids that can carry the BYDV viruses are many, but the most common culprits include Bird cherry-oat aphids and English grain aphids. Greenbug and corn leaf aphids can also transmit the BYDV virus.
The virus strain identified by molecular techniques (by Dr. Alex Karasev, UI virologist in Moscow) was the PAV strain of BYDV, which is efficiently transmitted by the Bird cherry oat aphid (Ropalosiphum padi) and the English grain aphid (Schizaphis avenae). Aphids can pick up the BYDV virus from infected wild and cultivated grasses, volunteer cereals, and corn. The virus spreads only in conjunction with the movement of the aphid vector, and transmission is greater at low temperatures. The virus is not seed-borne.
At this point, reducing crop stress will reduce the effect of the virus on the plant, but yield losses will occur both through reduced grain production as well as reduced test weight. The most effective control is through the use of resistant varieties, but insecticidal seed treatments may reduce the initial spread in fall wheat and barley. Viruliferous aphids will still transmit the virus in the fall before the insecticides kill the aphid, but as the insecticides wear off over time, new invading aphids will continue to transmit virus.
Current aphid populations are very low, and spring wheat and barley should escape early infection. Reducing infection in the fall-planted grain includes adjusted (later) planting dates to avoid peak aphid activity, however, many of the currently infected fields were not planted early, but were simply actively growing during a long fall that had no killing frosts until well into December.
References:
Compendium of Wheat Diseases and Pests, 3rd Edition. APS Press. 2010.
Compendium of Barley Diseases, 2nd Edition. APS Press. 1997.
» Fig 1. BYDV infected winter barley near Murtaugh. May 2013.
» Figure 2. BYDV infected winter barley plants near a wheel track of a pivot line.
Southern and Eastern Idaho Cereal Schools
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: January 30, 2013 by Juliet Marshall
Get the latest information on cereal varieties, disease, fertility at the southern and eastern Cereal Schools. Feb 5 at Burley Inn, 8:30 AM in Burley; Feb 6 at the Ramada Inn 8:30 AM in Pocatello; Feb 7 at the Ramada Inn 8:30 AM in Idaho Falls; Feb 7 at the Relay Station Restaurant at 8:30 AM in St. Anthony; and Feb 8 at the Robinson Building 8:30 AM in Preston, ID. Check the website for more information.
Fusarium Head Blight in WHeat and Barley
Small Grains All Locations
Fusarium Head Blight
Posted on: August 8, 2012 by Juliet Marshall
Please be aware that there are increasing incidences and severity of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB also called head scab or scab) in this year’s harvested grain. This disease will cause shrinkage of kernels and sometimes the development of scabby or “tombstone” kernels, which are shrunken white kernels that are covered in fungi and spores.
To reduce grain contamination from the mycotoxins associated with this disease, it is important to increase the fan speeds on your combine in order to blow out the affected kernels. This may reduce the level of toxins detectable to more safe levels, below 5 ppm.
I have attached a picture of FHB in wheat that I took west of Idaho Falls. The disease increases in severity in areas where corn is grown and is worse where small grains directly follow corn in the rotation.
I HAVE SEEN IT IN BOTH WHEAT AND BARLEY in Idaho this year.
There may be a brown discoloration of the rachis (the stem portion of the head) seen after flowering that progresses to single florets that then die and become bleached in appearance. This will vary - there may be single florets affected, or one quarter, one third of the head to the entire head bleached and diseased. Partially or totally killed heads may still have green stems, unlike what you will find with take-all or Fusarium dryland foot rot where the entire stem will be bleached. A tell-tale characteristic of this disease is the formation of orange, or pinkish or salmon-colored spores structures that form at the base of the floret at the junction of the seed to the stem. These “sporodochia” may also form at the edges and overlapping joints of the chaff. You may have FHB even without the visible presence of these orange-colored sporodochia.
Please do not mix highly contaminated grain with clean grain – this may only increase the amount of contaminated grain that will be difficult to sell.
Juliet Marshall
Associate Professor, Cereals Pathology and Agronomy
Idaho Falls R&E Center
1776 Science Drive Suite 205
Idaho Falls, ID 83402
208-529-8376 office
http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/
Stripe Rust
Small Grains Magic Valley
stripe rust
Posted on: May 30, 2012 by Jerry Neufeld
Strip rust was observed in the Magic Valley as of 5/28/2012 and confirmed on 5/30/2012 by Dr. Oliver T. Neher, University of Idaho. Infection was reported on winter wheat ‘Brundage’ planted the second week of September the previous year.
Resistant varieties should not need fungicide applications, but nevertheless, growers should scout all wheat fields as the prevalent strains of the fungi can change, affecting different varieties.
It is important to protect susceptible varieties with a fungicide as yield losses to this disease can be significant. Both strobilurin (Quadris, Headline) and triazole (Caramba, Tilt, Proline, Folicur, Prosaro) fungicides are equally effective in protecting against subsequent stripe rust infections, as are mixed mode-of-action fungicides (TwinLine, Quilt, Quilt Excel, Stratego). However, if stripe rust is currently in your crop, it is recommended that you include a triazole fungicide for the slightly curative activity. Fungicide ratings for stripe rust from the mid-west are: Excellent = azoxystrobin (Quadris), pyraclostrobin (Headline), metconazole (Caramba), tebuconazole (Folicur), and fungicide mixes rated Excellent for stripe rust includes prothioconazole and tebuconazole (both found in Prosaro), and the strobiluron / triazole mixes line, Twinline, Quilt or Quilt Xcel. Rated very good was propiconizole (Tilt), and the mix of propiconazole and trifloxystrobin (Stratego). This information is provided only as a guide. Other fungicides may also be labeled and effective against stripe rust. Inclusion in this list is not intended as a product endorsement and exclusion from this list is not meant to imply other products are ineffective.
Additional information and pictures are available on the Cereals Extension website for southern and southeast Idaho: http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/disease/disease_index.htm
No stripe rust found yet
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust
Posted on: April 14, 2012 by Juliet Marshall
Stripe rust not yet seen
As of Friday, April 13th, I have seen no stripe rust in southern or southeastern Idaho. I have been in winter wheat fields in Aberdeen, Kimberly and Buhl and have not found sporulating pustules. Please report any stripe rust so that we can get alerts out as quickly as possible.
At this point we are not recommending fungicide application for moderately resistant or resistant varieties. Fungicides at herbicide application of susceptible varieties is still being recommended.
» http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/disease/disease_index.htm
Stripe Rust
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
stripe rust
Posted on: April 10, 2012 by Jerry Neufeld
The following information is being provided by Dr. Brad Brown from the UI Parma R and E Center.
We have yet to find overwintering stripe rust in susceptible varieties of early fall 2011 planted wheat at the Parma R&E Center. It appears that we have dodged infection once again in early spring. This would be consistent with the historical occurrence of stripe rust in western Idaho. Even with the heavy infection last year in 2011 we did not see sporulating stripe rust in susceptible varieties until early May. From then on it developed very rapidly with conducive weather. If you have access to fields that you know were early planted in fall 2011 these should be scouted for overwintering infection. If infected, and the infection survived the winter, you should find sporulating wheat now in those fields. If not it supports our observations at Parma that we do not have an overwintering infection. The most likely candidate fields for fall infection are early planted fields or emerging winter wheat near volunteer wheat infected with stripe rust. Later planted wheat, especially that planted late enough and in dry soils, that they did not emerge until mid to late winter should not be infected. These late emerging fields should be free of rust at this point even if other fields have overwintering rust.
Whether we see infection in 2012 remains to be seen. In most years we do not have spring stripe rust infection, even in susceptible varieties. Fortunately, stripe rust scouting in eastern WA and northeast OR thus far suggests less than normal infection in those areas and therefore much less inoculum to be windborne and carried to our area for infecting our wheat. With minimal snow cover, any fall infections should have been more susceptible to rust killing freezing temperatures below 23 degrees F. Should you find stripe rust in winter wheat these next two weeks please bring that to my attention so that a general alert can be issued.
The question at this point is whether to include a fungicide with your herbicide application. If you were left with only a susceptible or moderately susceptible variety to plant last fall, a tank-mixed application may be appropriate. If your variety has moderate to good resistance to stripe rust you can probably save your money. Continued scouting is essential for all varieties.
For those that missed the Stripe Rust Webinar offered by Juliet Marshall on April 4, it is available for viewing with Adobe Connect at http://connect.cals.uidaho.edu/p97834003/. The conditions leading to last year’s infection and the variety resistance demonstrated was covered. Some observations for the coming year were also provided. While she addressed primarily eastern and south central ID areas, her information applies to a large extent to western ID as well. For additional information related specifically to western ID you might review the stripe rust information in Cereal Sentinel Issue 59 at http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/swidaho/Newsletters/Sentinel59.pdf.
Cereal Schools
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: January 30, 2012 by Juliet Marshall
Southern and Southeastern Idaho Cereal Schools will be the week of Fe 7 - 10th. Check the website for agenda details. CCA and ISDA credits will be available.
February 7 – Burley, ID
February 8 – Pocatello, ID
February 9 – Idaho Falls, ID
February 9 – Ashton, ID
February 10 – Preston, ID
Experts Predict Less Stripe Rust This Year
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe Rust
Posted on: January 23, 2012 by Juliet Windes
See the following article on predictions of stripe rust in Washington and Oregon.
http://www.capitalpress.com/content/mw-Stripe-rust-update-011312-Xianming-ChenMike-Flowers-mugs
I am also predicting substantially less stripe rust due to the open winter we have had so far and the reduced 2011 fall infection over that seen in 2010. We will need to remain more concerned about the spring wheat this year as spores traveling from our west will be the main source of inoculum.
» http://www.capitalpress.com/content/mw-Stripe-rust-update-011312-Xianming-ChenMike-Flowers-mugs
Cereal School Planning Meeting Nov 2 10:00 AM
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: October 30, 2011 by Juliet Marshall
A reminder to put the cereal schools planning meeting on your calendar! This is for the Burley, Pocatello, Idaho Falls, Ashton, and Preston schools being held Feb 7 through the 10th.
Nov 2, 2011 Wednesday morning
Sizzler Steak House on Pocatello Creek Road
Pocatello, ID
10:00 – 12:00 – enter through the back door of the restaurant, we will discuss and vote on topics important to our industry.
12:00 – we will pay for lunch.
Growers, industry reps, commodity groups are welcome. The more input, the better.
If you can’t make it, send your topics of interest to us and we will put all ideas on the table for a vote.
I hope to see you there.
Cheers,
Juliet
aphids in grain
Small Grains Magic Valley
aphids
Posted on: August 3, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
The following information is provided by Dr. Erik Wenninger,Entomology and Extension Specialist, University of Idaho.
Numerous reports have been made in the past week of aphids in small grain crops from eastern Idaho. There are several aphid species that attack small grains, and there is considerable variation in body color even within species. A few samples have been identified as English grain aphids, but management practices generally will be similar for all aphid species. Treatment thresholds are an average of 2-10 aphids per tiller, per stem, or per head, PRIOR to dough stage. Insecticide applications after grain is in the milk stage of ripening are of no value. Most fields in eastern Idaho should be around the soft dough stage, and, therefore, insecticide treatment would not be economically justified. Of possible concern is the movement of these aphids onto potato fields where they may spread virus (see July 16 Pest Alert posting, reprinted below).
July 16 Pest Alert:
Aphids on potato are of concern only in regard to their transmission of plant viruses. Systemic insecticides are generally the most effective against aphids; however, use of insecticides may reduce, but will not eliminate spread of viruses. There are no well-established treatment thresholds for aphids in potato. Consult the PNW Insect Management Handbook (http://pnwpest.org/pnw/insects) for registered products. Consult CIS 1165 (http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edComm/detail.asp?IDnum=1535) by Nolte, Alvarez, and Whitworth for more detailed recommendations on management of aphid vectors of potato virus, including insecticide recommendations.
Stripe Rust Alert
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe Rust
Posted on: July 8, 2011 by Juliet Marshall
Much of the stripe rust in winter wheat is starting to shut down, especially in those varieties with high-temperature adult plant resistance (HTAP). We are, at this stage, past the application window for applying fungicides to control stripe rust in winter wheat. In any case, further application in winter wheat would not be economically beneficial. Most of the winter wheat is in or past the grain fill stage.
In our spring grain, significant damage can still occur depending upon growth stage. The preharvest intervals for most of the fungicides vary from 45 – 30 days, depending upon the fungicide. PLEASE READ AND FOLLOW THE LABEL INSTRUCTIONS. DO NOT spray past the recommended preharvest interval. Spring grains are now in grain fill in the lower elevations, flowering in the Idaho Falls region, and still at stem extension in the upper elevation areas. Some of the spring lines with HTAP are showing higher than expected stripe rust infection (UI Pettit) while HTAP in Alturas, for example, is holding. Those fields that have been sprayed with fungicides at herbicide timing did very well in reducing infection compared to those that were not sprayed, although stripe rust is re-establishing if a second fungicide application was not applied.
In barley, we can find stripe rust but any damage has been minimal. I have yet to see stripe rust in barley in commercial fields at damaging levels. Most barley is past flowering in most of the production areas, except in the higher elevation areas.
ON OUR WEBSITE is an excel file with ratings of the winter and spring wheat varieties in the extension variety trials in Aberdeen. PLEASE NOTE that the disease pressure at that location is extraordinary. While I included both the seedling and adult reaction of the spring wheat, I did not for the winter wheat, but there are two ratings in the spring/summer and I included the raw data of two replications (untreated with fungicides). The infection type is rated on a 0 to 9 scale, with 0 being immune, 1, 2, 3 resistant, 4,5,6 intermediate, and 7, 8, 9 being susceptible. A rating of 9 means the plant was heavily infected with no chlorosis, and high levels of sporulation. If you would like further information/ clarification on the definitions of infection TYPE, let me know. In addition, there is a rating on the percent leaf area affected in the entire plot. Some varieties have a susceptible reaction, with lower levels of diseased tissue. There was a tremendous amount of necrosis this year, hence the mixed reaction types. For example, one variety may have a rating of 5/8 and percent 30/5, meaning that 30 % of the plot had an infection type about 5 (intermediate resistance with quite a bit of necrosis but sporulating still) and 5 % of the plants in the plot were showing extensive sporulation with an infection type of 8, with a little chlorosis.
cereal leaf beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Oregon
cereal leaf beetle
Posted on: June 15, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Clint Shock, Superintendant at the OSU Malheur Experiment station is reporting that cereal leaf beetle larvae are being found in Malheur County winter wheat fields. Click on the link below to read CIS 994 titled “Cereal Leaf Beetle” from the University of Idaho to find out more about this pest.
stripe rust
Small Grains Magic Valley
stripe rust
Posted on: June 2, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Oliver Neher from the UI Twin Falls R and E Center is reporting that stripe rust has been confirmed in small grains near Hanson. Some fungicides can’t be applied after heading and some can be applied up until flowering. In all cases apply according to the label.
stripe rust
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Oregon
stripe rust
Posted on: May 31, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Clint Shock from the OSU Malheur Experiment station is reporting that wide spread stripe rust has been confirmed in Malheur County small grains. Some fungicides can’t be applied after heading and some can be applied up until flowering. In all cases apply according to the label.
stripe rust in winter wheat
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
stripe rust
Posted on: May 18, 2011 by Jerry Neufeld
UI Cereal Specialist, Dr. Brad Brown is reporting that stripe rust was found yesterday in winter wheat trials at the Parma R&E Center. The wheat is approaching the boot stage so fungicides will be used for control. Commercial fields of wheat and barley need to be scouted ASAP to determine if stripe rust is present so that fungicides can be used prior to the end of the label window for application. For additional information refer to the Extension Cereal website by clicking on “link 1” below.
Other stripe rust alerts for southern Idaho were previously published. That information can be accessed by clicking on “Link 2” below. As the previous alert indicated, do not assume that varieties that have historically had stripe rust resistance will always maintain that resistance. Scouting is essential. A sample of Stephens winter wheat was brought in yesterday with stripe rust present, and Stephens in western Idaho historically has had adequate adult plant high temperature (APHT) resistance. That may no longer be the case.
» http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/disease/disease_index.htm
» http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/disease/strst/5-16-11%20stripe%20rust%20alert.pdf
Stripe Rust Alert
Small Grains All Locations
Pucinnia striiformis
Posted on: May 12, 2011 by Juliet Windes
Aberdeen, Bingham County, Idaho. Stripe rust is being reported in commercial fields as of May 12, 2011, in Brundage soft white winter wheat. Stripe rust also has continued to proliferate on the Aberdeen Research and Extension Center in USDA-ARS material, in UI Breeding plots and in the University of Idaho’s Cereal Extension plots. The infected plants were at the jointing growth stage. New leaves were not yet infected; sporulation was occurring on lower leaves as a result of an overwintering infection (the first I have seen here in southeast Idaho).
On the Aberdeen research station, Brundage had about 30% affected leaves throughout the plot, Moreland about 5% of the leaves affected. Active and abundant sporulation was occurring. Stripe rust was prevalent throughout the winter wheat variety trials, and two out of the four reps of both the soft white winter and hard red / white winter nurseries were sprayed with a fungicide last week.
Weather is very conducive for infection and rapid spread. It is imperative to protect susceptible varieties with a fungicide. Both strobilurin and triazole fungicides are effective in protecting against subsequent stripe rust infections. However, if stripe rust is currently in your crop, it is recommended that you utilize a triazole fungicide for their slightly curative activity. Fungicide ratings for stripe rust are: Excellent = azoxystrobin (Quadris), pyraclostrobin (Headline), metconazole (Caramba), tebuconazole (Folicur), and fungicide mixes rated Excellent for stripe rust includes Proline, Twinline, Quilt.
Additional information and pictures are available on the Cereals Extension website for southern and southeast Idaho: http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/disease/disease_index.htm
» http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/disease/disease_index.htm
Stripe Rust Alert
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe Rust
Posted on: February 18, 2011 by Juliet Marshall
Thought we should all know what is transpiring to our west / northwest. See the stripe rust alert below from Dr. Xianming Chen, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA. While this does not mean we WILL have an early and damaging amount of stripe rust this upcoming season, it does mean we will have increased risk of stripe rust developing. Conditions conducive for disease in wheat will also be conducive for disease in barley, although stripe rust in barley is rare.
We will be constantly monitoring the situation and will release additional alerts as needed. Check our website at
http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/
Juliet Marshall
Associate Professor, Cereals Pathology and Agronomy
Stripe Rust Starts Developing in the Pacific Northwest
Xianming Chen, February 18, 2011
Stripe rust of wheat has waked up much earlier this year than last year in the Pacific Northwest and may not have slept in the western Oregon and western Washington. Don Wysocki and Jim Towne found sporulating rust pustules in a wheat field near Pendleton in the northeastern Oregon on the 1st of this month. Last week, Mike Flowers and Chris Mundt reported that stripe rust was easily found (about 5% incidence) in wheat fields in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon.
Yesterday, I stopped by the Horse Heaven Hills in the south-central Washington and found sporulating rust pustules in several wheat fields, even in some fields where plants were still small (5 to 7 leaves without dead leaves) and stripe rust was not found in last November. Rust severity was up to 5% of incidence. The rust has survived the relatively mild winter with help with the widespread snow cover in the cold spell of the first week of last December.
Rust will develop fast when weather gets warm (night temperatures into the 40s F and day temperatures into the 50s F). Considering widespread infection before the winter, early application of fungicides will be better for fields planted with susceptible and moderate susceptible cultivars. Please check your fields when weather in your area reaches the above range and if you see stripe rust, consider spaying with fungicide even before herbicide application. If no rust is found but the planted cultivar is susceptible or moderately susceptible based on last year’s reaction, the field should be sprayed with fungicide when you spray herbicide. Please consider using full rate of fungicide at the time of herbicide application as the rust has already started so early and this rust season will likely be very long.
Webinar: Optimizing Fertility Management in Malting Barley a
Small Grains All Locations
Nitrogen Management
Posted on: January 25, 2011 by Juliet Marshall
Don’t Miss our next Idaho Grain Webinar… scheduled this Thursday, January 27, 2011 at 8:30 a.m. MST on Optimizing Fertility Management in Malting Barley and Hard Red Spring Wheat, presented by Dr. Brad Brown, UI Parma R&E Center.
To join this webinar from your own computer, please log onto: https://connect.cals.uidaho.edu/barley/
Kelly L Olson, Administrator
Idaho Barley Commission
208-334-2090
Fax: 208-334-2335
kolson@idahobarley.org
Cereal Schools for Southern Idaho, Feb 1, 2011
Small Grains Magic Valley
Posted on: January 17, 2011 by Juliet Marshall
Cereal School Agenda will include variety updates, insect and disease information, and fertility management for high protein grain. Hope to see you there!
Burley, Burley Inn, Contact Joel Packham 878-9461
Cereal Schools for Southeast Idaho, Feb 2-4, 2011
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: January 17, 2011 by Juliet Marshall
Cereal School Agenda will include variety updates, insect and disease information, and fertility management for high protein grain. Hope to see you there!
Pocatello Feb 2 Red Lion Inn - contact Reed Findlay 236-7310
Idaho Falls Feb 3 Red Lion Inn - contact Wayne Jones 529-1390
Ashton Feb 3 Trails Inn - contact Lance Ellis 624-3102
Preston Feb 4 Robinson Building, Preston Fair grounds - contact Stuart Parkinson 852-1097
Loose Smut on Wheat
Small Grains Magic Valley
Loose Smut
Posted on: June 25, 2010 by Jerry Neufeld
Loose smut on wheat was observed in Jerome County. Infected heads are blackened (picture 1) and spikelets are transformed into dry, olive-black masses of spores (pictures 2 & 3). Spores are spread by wind or splashing rain. Only a bare rachis will remain. Before heading, infected plants might have dark green, erect leaves with possible chlorotic streaks. Fungus survives in infected seeds, which remain fully germinable and are not visibly altered. Control is only possible by planting certified disease free seeds, resistant cultivars, and chemical seed treatments.
This information was provided by UI Extension Plant Pathologist Dr. Oliver Neher.
Stripe rust in winter wheat
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust
Posted on: June 16, 2010 by Juliet Windes
Stripe rust has been reported in southern Idaho on Moreland hard red winter wheat south of Burley. (Report was confirmed June 16, 2010.) Scout your winter and spring wheat for stripe rust starting immediately. Varieties with "High temperature adult plant resistance" (such as the soft white spring wheat Alturas) may be vulnerable to stripe rust as the temperatures have NOT been warm enough to activate this type of resistance!Current weather continues to be extremely conducive to the spread of this disease. Refer to the Southern and Eastern Idaho Cereals Extension website for more information.
Small Grains Disease becoming widespread
Small Grains All Locations
Pythium species
Posted on: June 16, 2010 by Juliet Windes
I have examined several wheat and barley samples lately that have had no obvious stem base lesions, but have had dying of lower leaves and severe root rot. I could find no runner hyphae typical of take–all, no stem rot lesions similar to that of Fusarium, no eyespot lesions of Tapesia (formerly Pseudocercosporella).
These have all had (sudden onset of) yellowing symptoms on the leaves, chlorosis and poor overall plant health. Some leaf symptoms look typical of virus infections. Some root systems exhibit extreme damage, with very little to no viable roots left.
I believe these plants are suffering from Pythium root rot, also called browning root rot. Please see the following internet documents as references:
http://ipm.illinois.edu/bulletin/article.php?id=970
http://www.ipm.illinois.edu/diseases/rpds/113.pdf
There is very little we can do at this point to control these infections. Seed treatments with metalaxyl-based fungicides will help control or reduce seedling infections, but will not be effective at this late stage. The disease will be exacerbated with over-watering! If the weather comes off hot and dry, then there will NOT be sufficient root mass to support the plants or grain fill. Stressed plants will also exhibit foliar symptoms of other disease organisms: for example barley scald and spot blotch will take advantage of weakened barley.
There are no resistant varieties.
Stripe Rust
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Stripe Rust
Posted on: June 14, 2010 by Jerry Neufeld
Below is some information about stripe rust that specific to the Treasure Valley. UI Cereals Specialist Dr. Brad Brown provided this information.
There were pest alerts posted last week for stripe rust in wheat that were not particularly specific for the Treasure Valley. Most of our winter wheat has already flowered which is the end of the window for labeled applications of fungicides for stripe rust. Some fungicides can’t be applied after heading. In all cases apply according to the label.
The only wheat that can still be sprayed with a labeled application in western Idaho is possibly late fall planted winter wheat that may still be flowering, or spring wheat that is spring planted and some of it may be flowering now. Our spring wheat varieties that were early fall planted (mostly hard red spring) are further along than our winter wheat so are outside the label for fungicide applications. Late fall planted spring wheat should be further along than winter wheat planted the same day.
While there is some stripe rust present at the Parma R & E Center, the incidence is considerably less than 1% in varieties where it is found and most varieties don’t have any pustules present. If you suspect that you have stripe rust in wheat that has not flowered and would like some confirmation before spending your money on a crop that isn’t worth much to begin with, bring it to the Parma R &E Center and Dr. Krishna Mohan, Extension Plant Pathologist will examine it. If pustules are present it is a swift diagnosis. If pustules are not present, then Dr. Mohan can confirm by incubating for two or three days until rust pustules develop. The only pustules of rust that we have seen in the Parma trials are on winter wheat. There is also a tiny bit of leaf rust showing in one spot, but it is not as widespread as the stripe rust, which is pretty isolated.
Stripe rust possible
Small Grains All Locations
Stripe rust
Posted on: June 11, 2010 by Juliet Windes
While a small amount of stripe rust in wheat was confirmed by Brad Brown in southwest Idaho, it has not been confirmed in southeast Idaho and Magic Valley YET. However, flecking symptoms similar to early infection were seen in Aberdeen in Moreland hard red winter wheat. Due to extremely conducive weather conditions and widespread infection in Washington state, it is highly recommended that consultants and growers scout for stripe rust in all wheat. The wet and cool weather has prevented the resistance in varieties with High Temperature Adult Plant resistance from being activated, so varieties such as Alturas may be showing susceptible reactions. Consider spraying (especially susceptible varieties) in advance of infection. Please report stripe rust infections to Juliet Windes (208-529-8376) and / or Brad Brown (208-722-6701 ext 216). Additional information and pictures can be found at http://www.ag.uidaho.edu/scseidaho
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Oregon
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Posted on: June 4, 2010 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Clint Shock, Superintendant at the OSU Malheur Experiment Station is reporting an outbreak of Cereal Leaf Beetle in spring grains in Malheur County.
bacterial blight in barley
Small Grains Magic Valley
bacterial blight
Posted on: May 25, 2010 by Jerry Neufeld
UI Extension Plant Pathologist Oliver Neher is reporting that bacterial blight has been found in barley in the Paul area (Magic Valley). Bacterial blight is favored by several factors including high moisture (rain or irrigation), cool temperatures, and mechanical damage such as equipment or wind which transports sediment. There are no products labeled to treat bacterial diseases. About the only practical treatment a grower can employ is to reduce moisture (irrigation) if bacterial blight is found in your fields. Click on the pdf below for images of bacterial blight.
frost injury in winter barley
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
frost
Posted on: May 18, 2010 by Jerry Neufeld
Cereals Specialist Dr. Brad Brown from the UI Parma Research and Extension Center is reporting that yesterday some winter barley was brought in with all the symptoms of frost injury. Awns were twisted and the flag leaf was bound and twisted and was hindering head emergence. Some heads at the top had spikelets burned which were entirely white with no green color, and some spikelets below them were green but no discernible developing seed which may have aborted from the frost injury. The symptoms are similar to and commonly mistaken for 2,4-D injury, but differ in that frost injury shows parts of the head that are sterile. The publication “Spring Freeze Injury to Idaho Cereals”, Idaho Cooperative Extension Bulletin 724 describes the injury from frost in more detail. Click on the pdf below to read this publication.
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Posted on: May 12, 2010 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Brad Brown from the UI Parma Research and Extension Center is reporting cereal leaf beetle larvae are being found in winter wheat and CLB eggs can be found in spring wheat. Now is a good time to scout for CLB eggs as an indication of potential larvae populations. Spring planted grains are preferred by CLB over winter planted grains.
Click on the pdf images below to see the CLB control recommendations from the 2010 PNW Insect Management Handbook and to see images of the CLB life stages. Also, click on the link below to read CIS 994 titled “Cereal Leaf Beetle” from the University of Idaho.
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Posted on: April 26, 2010 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Brad Brown from the UI Parma Research and Extension Center is reporting cereal leaf beetle adults have been seen flying and egg laying is beginning. It is not too early to start scouting for CLB eggs as an indication of potential larvae populations. Spring planted grains are preferred by CLB over winter planted grains. Click on the pdf images below to see the CLB control recommendations from the 2010 PNW Insect Management Handbook and to see images of the CLB life stages. Also, click on the link below to read CIS 994 titled “Cereal Leaf Beetle” from the University of Idaho.
Aberdeen Small Grains Field Day
Small Grains Magic Valley
Posted on: July 14, 2009 by Juliet Windes
A Small Grains Field Day will be held at the Aberdeen R&E Center, Wednesday, July 15th, starting at 9:00 AM. There will be no cost associated with attendance. Wheat breeders Dr. Jianli Chen and Dr. Bob Zemetra will be on hand to discuss the wheat breeding programs, and Dr. Juliet Windes will tour the extension variety and specialty trials. Lunch will be provided. Call 208-529-8376 for additional information.
Small Grains Field Day
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Posted on: July 14, 2009 by Juliet Windes
A Small Grains Field Day will be held at the Aberdeen R&E Center, Wednesday, July 15th, starting at 9:00 AM. There will be no cost associated with attendance. Wheat breeders Dr. Jianli Chen and Dr. Bob Zemetra will be on hand to discuss the wheat breeding programs, and Dr. Juliet Windes will tour the extension variety and specialty trials. Lunch will be provided. Call 208-529-8376 for additional information.
Aphids in Wheat
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Oregon
Posted on: June 29, 2009 by Steve Norberg
High levels of aphid in winter wheat have been reported to me by a consultant. If wheat has reached the milk stage insecticide applications are not advised according to PNW Insect Handbook. For further information see http://uspest.org/pdf/reb88.pdf or http://uspest.org/pnw/insects?06SMGR01.dat .
Stripe Rust found in Winter Wheat
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: June 25, 2009 by Juliet Windes
Active stripe rust was found in Idaho on Weston hard red winter wheat in a commercial field in the American Falls area on June 22, 2009. Weston was in milk stage, and stripe rust was found throughout the plant canopy. Infection was not severe, and was only 5% in severity and 8-10% incidence throughout the field. Stripe rust was found in Minidoka County north of Burley in Declo hard red winter wheat, and reported in northern Utah in winter wheat.
Stripe rust was also found on lower leaves of Moreland hard red winter wheat in breeding plots. Pustules were not actively sporulating, and Moreland was in early grain fill. (This was the Neeley area south west of American Falls.)
Most winter wheat is past the window of allowable fungicide application. Spring wheat varies in growth stages (depending upon elevation) from tillering to late boot. Excellent conditions exist for wheat production, especially in dryland production, where in some areas record-breaking rainfall has resulted in yield potential not seen in decades. Cold temperatures and frequent heavy rainfall has provided excellent conditions for the spread of stripe rust, but I have yet to see stripe rust in spring wheat or severe infections in winter wheat. NOW is the time to scout spring wheat fields for active pustules. Fungicide applications (up to labeled rate and growth stage) will control stripe rust. Always check labels and follow label directions. Additional information for control and pictures of stripe rust are available on our website at http://www.ag.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/ then click on "Disease Information" and then "Stripe Rust Information."
I have seen no stem rust or leaf rust. Other diseases found include Pythium and eyespot (Pseudocercosporella). Black chaff in wheat and bacterial stripe in barley have caused problems due to sleet and hail storms, and barley scald has progressed to the flag leaf in some commercial barley production fields in the Magic Valley around Twin Falls.
Juliet Windes
Juliet Marshall Windes
Cereals Cropping Systems, Agronomy and Pathology Assistant Professor
1776 Science Center Drive Suite 205
Idaho Falls, ID 83402-1575
208-529-8376 office
208-390-4859 mobile
208-522-2954 FAX
cereal leaf beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: June 2, 2009 by Jerry Neufeld
Bob Hays from Idaho State Department of Agriculture is reporting that cereal leaf beetle populations are rapidly increasing in small grain fields in the Payette area.
cereal leaf beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: May 27, 2009 by Jerry Neufeld
I received my second report of the day about grain fields with enough cereal leaf beetle larvae damage to warrant spraying. You may want to take another look at your grain fields, especially spring grains, to confirm the presence or absence of this pest.
Cereal leaf beetle
Small Grains Magic Valley
Posted on: May 14, 2009 by Jeff Miller
Cereal leaf beetle have been found in wheat and barley near the desert east of Minidoka. See the May 12 posting for photos and a link to the University of Idaho CIS article.
cereal leaf beetle
Small Grains Magic Valley
Posted on: May 12, 2009 by Jerry Neufeld
Kerry Bowen is reporting that many cereal leaf beetle are being found in the Declo area up against the mountains. Click on the pdf below for CLB control information from the 2009 Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook. The following link will take you to a University of Idaho publication with more information (including images)about the CLB: http://info.ag.uidaho.edu/Resources/PDFs/CIS0994.pdf.
cereal leaf beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: April 27, 2009 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Brad Brown from the UI Parma Research and Extension Center is reporting cereal leaf beetle adults have been seen flying and egg laying is beginning. It is not too early to start scouting for CLB eggs as an indication of potential larvae populations. Spring planted grains are preferred by CLB over winter planted grains. Click on the pdf image below to see the CLB control recommendations from the 2009 PNW Insect Management Handbook.
Cereal Schools for Southeast Idaho
Small Grains Magic Valley
Posted on: February 2, 2009 by Juliet Windes
2008 Eastern Idaho Cereal Schools
Burley Feb 3, 8:30 AM at McGregor Center / Minidoka Extension Office
Pocatello Feb 4, 8:30 AM Registration, at the Holiday Inn, 1399 Bench Road
Idaho Falls Feb 5, 8:30 AM Registration, Red Lion Inn, 475 River Parkway
Ashton Feb 5, 9:30 AM Registration, Trails Inn, 213 Main Street
Preston Feb 6, 8:30 AM Registration, Robinson Building, Fairgrounds
See http://www.ag.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/Upcoming_events/Upcoming_events_index.htm for further information.
Cereal Schools for Southeast Idaho
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Posted on: February 2, 2009 by Juliet Windes
2008 Eastern Idaho Cereal Schools
Burley Feb 3, 8:30 AM at McGregor Center / Minidoka Extension Office
Pocatello Feb 4, 8:30 AM Registration, at the Holiday Inn, 1399 Bench Road
Idaho Falls Feb 5, 8:30 AM Registration, Red Lion Inn, 475 River Parkway
Ashton Feb 5, 9:30 AM Registration, Trails Inn, 213 Main Street
Preston Feb 6, 8:30 AM Registration, Robinson Building, Fairgrounds
See http://www.ag.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/Upcoming_events/Upcoming_events_index.htm for agendas and further information.
Stripe Rust in Moreland Winter Wheat, Ririe
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Posted on: July 23, 2008 by Juliet Windes
While small amounts stripe rust had previously only been confirmed in the Treasure Valley, yesterday I found it in Moreland hard red winter wheat in Ririe, ID. It was a significant infection, occurring on about 30-40% of the total leaf surface. The crop was in late milk to early dough, and it was too late to spray fungicides. In addition to significant stripe rust, there was about 30% white heads forming from foot rot fungi, probably take-all. Black chaff was also prevalent.
Addtional surveys will be conducted to see if the fungi have moved beyond the winter wheat fields into adjacent susceptible spring wheat. At this time, I consider this to be an isolated incident. Early season conditions were extremely conducive to the development of the disease, but there was no reported stripe rust. Spread of the current infection from this focus should be limited due to hot, dry weather conditions.
Information on control and effective fungicide treatments is availbale on our cereals website: http://www.ag.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/ then click on "Publications" for Plant Disease Management Reports, "Cereal Diseases" and / or "Routine Fungicde Yield and Economic Data".
stripe rust in wheat
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: June 25, 2008 by Jerry Neufeld
The following information was provided by Dr. Brad Brown from the UI Parma R and E Center.
It appears that Treasure Valley wheat has gone yet another year without significant stripe rust incidence. The only stripe rust we are aware of in western Idaho thus far is a small infection (less than 5%) in a susceptible hard red winter wheat variety called Moreland. It is the only wheat variety of those we evaluate in both the Extension winter and spring wheat variety performance trials that we have found any rust in. Varieties commonly grown in the area do not appear to be susceptible to the stripe rust race infecting Moreland. Even Brundage soft white winter wheat, known to be less tolerant to stripe rust than Stephens, looks pretty clean on the Parma R & E Center.
Scouting for stripe rust is still a good policy, especially for spring plantings that are slower to develop. Development of both winter and spring wheat is later than normal this year. Even though some fields may have been treated much earlier with tank mixes of fungicides and herbicides, that does not preclude infection during latter grain filling.
Some winter wheat planted after wheat is showing significant root rot. The symptoms include heads that are maturing earlier than those around them, and are poorly filled or blank. The root systems of plants dug up, when rinsed with water, generally show limited root growth or roots browned from fungal infection, sometimes encrusted with fungal mycelium that does not wash off readily. The crown tissue, instead of white to cream colored, can show browning or blackened deterioration. The symptoms of some root rots do not necessarily show up on the lower stem. At this point of crop development the damage to the crop is done and there is no treatment for control.
Stripe Rust in Wheat
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: June 18, 2008 by Juliet Windes
Stripe rust on wheat or barley has NOT yet been reported in Idaho. However, it was reported in Montana, and I have seen symptoms similar to a resistant-type reaction in dryland winter wheat (flecking similar to resistance or to pre-putsule formation that could also be attributed to wind driven sand blasting). PLEASE scout susceptible winter wheat varieties such as Moreland, and report suspected outbreaks to me (Juliet Windes 208-529-8376) if found in District III or IV, Stephen Guy (208-885-6744) in District I, or Brad Brown in District II.
In most cases, we are beyond the spray window for applying fungicides in winter wheat, but not for spring grains. The environment has been very conducive for infection and spread. Stripe rust pressure has been low in the PNW, but areas in California have had high disease pressure. There have been strong winds coming from the Sacramento area directly to southern Idaho, so outbreaks are possible. Please visit the cereals website at http://www.ag.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/ for additional information on stripe rust. The following email was sent from Montana State University:
From: William Grey [mailto:WGrey@Montana.edu]
Sent: Tuesday, June 17, 2008
Report of Stripe Rust on winter wheat in Bozeman, June 17, 2008. Dr. Mary Burrows, Extension Plant Pathologist, noted stripe rust on two winter wheat cultivars grown on the A.H. Post Farm, MSU, Bozeman, MT. Varieties are Norris CL and Hyalite CL (Clearfield varieties), field size is 2.5 acres per variety. Discrete and small patches of stripe rust in each of the fields. Individual leaves had linear stripes of sporulating rust covering 10% of leaf area and with symptomatic leaves in the lower leaf canopy. Winter wheat is late tillering and early stem elongation stage of development.
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: May 15, 2008 by Jerry Neufeld
Jim Barbour, Steve Reddy and I (U of I), along with Phil Allison (Landview Fertilizer) and Ben Simko (ISDA) are conducting a cereal leaf beetle study in Canyon and Owyhee County this spring. Several years ago a parasite of the cereal leaf beetle larvae was released in four Treasure Valley locations. We will be collecting CLB larvae from across the Treasure Valley and dissecting them to look for the larval parasite in an effort to determine the distribution of the parasite. As part of that effort, in recent days we found many CLB adults in winter and spring grain fields and also found a few CLB eggs. According to the growing degree day model we are right at the time that increased CLB activity should be taking place. When you are scouting in the next few days, I think you will see more CLB eggs and larvae. We will be scouting grain fields once per week for the next month and collecting CLB larvae as part of this project. If you have spring grain fields you would like us to check out give me a call at 459.6003.
Potential Freeze Damage to Cereals
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: April 29, 2008 by Steve Norberg
On Monday April 21 temperatures plummeted in the Treasure Valley Area. Readings at the Malheur Experiment Station went as low as 21 F. The effect on winter cereals in the area will be dependent on the stage of the crop on that day. Those fields that had the growing point above ground (jointing) when this freeze event came may have moderate to severe damage. Producers can split open some stems and check the developing head. If the head is green or light greenish in color and seems firm, it is probably fine. If the head is yellowish and mushy, it may have freeze injury.” Healthy tillers will help compensate for yield losses to main stems. The links below have a summary of growth stages, the temperatures required for wheat and barley freeze damage, primary symptoms and yield effects.
Please see pages two and three of the Growing Treasure in the Valley Newsletter found at
http://extension.oregonstate.edu/malheur/Agriculture/Newsletters/Gr%20Tr_Apr_2008.pdf.
Other references can be found at: http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/crpsl2/c646.pdf
and
http://www.uidaho.edu/so-id/entomology/bulletin_724.htm
Fungicides applied with Herbicides / stripe rust control
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: March 31, 2008 by Juliet Windes and Brad Brown
We have had several questions in regard to early application of fungicides timed with herbicide applications and effectiveness in either increasing yield or providing disease protection. I only have 2 years worth of data (2 PDMRs) that directly address this question in spring wheat, which can be accessed at the South-central / Southeast Idaho Cereals website: http://www.ag.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/ under “Publications”. In 2006, we had enough late season stripe rust to damage yield in a very susceptible spring wheat variety. In the 2006 experiment, we saw a 1.3 bu increase with reduced rate (7 fl oz/A) of Quilt applied at herbicide timing and a 2.8 bu increase with (6 fl oz/ A) Headline applied at herbicide timing over the untreated control. We have NOT seen a statistically significant yield benefit with application of fungicides at herbicide application in 2006 or 2007, where the plants were in the 4-5 leaf stage at time of herbicide treatment. In 2006, where stripe rust was present at damaging levels late in the season, early application of Headline and Maestro at Feekes 3 did not reduce stripe rust over the untreated control (63.8% leaf area affected with early Headline versus 65.6% in the untreated control). Disease control with Headline alone at Feekes 8 resulted in 26.3% leaf area diseased and 82.5 bu/A as opposed to the early Headline treatment at 63.8% disease, and 72.5 bu/A. The yield and disease differences were significant at the 5% level.
In 2007, we did not have significant stripe rust. In experiment 2 (2007) we saw a 0.9 bu increase with 6 oz/A Headline, a 1.0 bu increase with reduced rate of Quilt (7 oz/A), and 1.3 bu decrease with a reduced rate of (6 oz/A) Stratego, when these fungicides were applied with herbicides. For Quilt, the rates were at a ½ rate of 7 fl oz/A at herbicide application versus 14 fl oz/A for full application at heading. Headline was applied at 6 fl oz/A with an herbicide and at 6 fl oz/A at heading. Stratego was 6 fl oz/A with herbicide or 10 fl oz/A at heading. Obviously, results may vary depending upon year and location, and multiple replicated trials over several years will give us the best answer. Talking with our BASF rep, early Headline recommendations are full rate (6 fl oz/A), for which they say they consistently (80% of the time) see 2-3 bu/A increase, and more often an average 6 bu/A increase in yield in unreplicated on-farm trials in wheat and barley.
In general, fungicides are recommended to control disease and protect yield when there is disease in the area; for example, as soon as stripe rust is present. In varieties that are very susceptible, that may mean an early protective fungicide application in with the herbicides when stripe rust or other diseases are in the area. However, in many cases, effective disease control and yield protection is achieved with one application to protect the flag leaf and / or the developing head, as late as allowed by the label. In the past, when disease becomes an issue, the greatest benefit to yield is application between flag leaf emergence and flowering, depending upon when the disease is present. Experiments in Kansas do not support split applications of fungicides to control disease. In years with low disease pressure, an overall 2.5% increase in yield was seen with split applications of fungicides, but fungicide applications were NOT timed for application with herbicides (Erick De Wolf, Bill Bockus, Bob Bowden, Kansas State University).
I do not think there would be any benefit of foliar fungicides for control of root rots, as those that are "locally" systemic are not readily translocated down into the root system. Any systemic translocation will more likely be in an upward direction, so control of root rots is highly unlikely. Root rot control would be best managed with seed health practices, such as in-furrow fertility and seed treatments, even with second-year grain. As far as second year of wheat or barley, if there are foliar pathogens present early (and it depends on the disease, like scald in barley), then I think there may be some benefit in disease control, but little benefit in yield. Diseases like scald and spot blotch tend to dissipate with warmer, dryer weather anyway. So I am not recommending foliar application of fungicides simply because a grower went back-to-back grain. Spraying fungicides for disease control is really only effective when disease is present and only after flag leaf emergence to heading. There seems to be no real benefit from 2 applications of fungicides within a season. Appropriate rotation and plant health practices remain the best insurance for a healthy crop (in our area). Fungicides are effective when disease threatens yield and the best yield protection comes after flag leaf emergence, but especially at heading to flowering.
DO NOT delay weed control applications to target potential disease problems. You will lose more yield to weed competition than gain by trying to target an early season fungicide application.
At current prices, a 2-3 bu yield increase should pay for most fungicides when incorporated into the herbicide treatment. However, in our area, we usually have very little foliar disease pressure. In areas where disease pressure can be significant early in the season (say, stripe rust in the Palouse), then I would consider early-season application based on significance of disease in the area. However, routinely applying low-levels of fungicides for “just-in-case” protection may contribute to the occurrence and buildup of fungicide resistance in fungal populations and is counter to the integrated pest management principals developed to reduce pesticides in the environment and we need to carefully consider any additional input costs.
2008 Eastern Idaho Cereal Schols
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Posted on: January 15, 2008 by Juliet Windes
The 2008 Eastern Idaho Cereal School Agendas are now posted at http://www.ag.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/ under "Upcoming Events".
Jan 29th - Burley, Burley Inn
Jan 30th - Pocatello, Holiday Inn
Jan 31st - Idaho Falls, Red Lion Inn
Jan 31st - Ashton, Trails Inn
On-site registration for all starts at 8:30 AM. Topics include variety updates, fertilizer, disease and weed control issues, alternative oilseed crops, and more. Contact your local county extension office for more information, or call Juliet Windes, UI Cereal Cropping Systems Agronomist and Pathologist, at 208-542-5868.
small grains field tour
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: June 27, 2007 by Jerry Neufeld
You are cordially invited to the 2007 Parma Small Grain Tour at the Parma R & E Center, 29603 U of I Lane, Parma, ID on July 6, 2007. The registration for the tour begins at 9 am and the tour starts at 9:30 am. Registration and loading will be in the grassed area on the east side of the road. A box lunch will be served at the conclusion of the tour by noon.
The tour will feature:
• Soft white, hard white, and hard red winter and spring wheat varieties
• Winter and spring barley varieties
• Nitrogen fertilization trials involving soil applied slow release nitrogen on hard red spring wheat and soft white winter wheat, and foliar N fertilizer comparisons with hard white spring wheat.
• Late season N for improving waxy barley protein
• Stripe rust incidence
• Update on IWC, IBC, or IGPA.
• General discussion on other small grain topics of interest
Contact Dr. Brad Brown at 722-6701 ext 216 if you have any questions.
stripe rust
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: June 21, 2007 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Brad Brown is reporting some stripe rust on the UI Parma R and E station in some susceptible wheat varieties. Rust was found especially in a hard red winter wheat called Moreland. It would be appropriate to scout for stripe rust in late planted winter wheat and any spring wheat if you aren’t sure of the susceptibility of the varieties to stripe rust. Depending on the growth stage, it may or may not be too late to apply a fungicide.
Haanchen barley mealybug
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: June 11, 2007 by Jerry Neufeld
Haanchen barley mealybug in north-central Idaho?
Mealybugs infesting spring barley, spring wheat and spring oats have been recovered from four commercial fields near Cottonwood, ID (Lewis and Idaho counties). Specimens additionally were recovered from two grassy weeds, wild oats and rat-tail fescue, at 2 of the 4 fields.
Tentative species identification as Trionymus haancheni, the Haanchen barley mealybug, is based solely on the fact that T. haancheni is the only mealybug known from cereals in Idaho. If expert examination confirms that these insects indeed are the Haanchen barley mealybug, these collections potentially constitute a significant change in host-plant range. Based on the best information currently available (i.e., research conducted by Juan M. Alvarez, University of Idaho), barley is considered the main host plant.
The first specimens were collected 22 May from a direct-seeded barley field that had been planted to winter wheat during 2006 and spring canola during 2005. Based on my 29 May site visit with Mr. Tom Gehring, Manager, Primeland Coop (Cottonwood), we estimated that approximately 5% of the field showed obvious damage in patches up to 50 X 50-feet where plants were stunted, yellowed, spotted or dead.
Mr. Gehring subsequently collected specimens at the other sites during the week of 4 June, and my subsequent visit today (8 June) again confirmed mealybug infestations in spring oats as well as on the weedy rat-tail fescue, Vulpia myuros. At all sites, bugs primarily were feeding on plant stems near the soil surface under field residue, though some also were collected from exposed leaves.
Barley growers in surrounding counties particularly might examine fields showing "wireworm spots" or similar patchy damage. Photos of the insect and pest biology are in University of Idaho Extension Publication CIS 1109, online at http://info.ag.uidaho.edu/pdf/CIS/CIS1109.pdf.
This information was provided by Dr. Ed Bechinski, Professor of Entomology,
Extension IPM & Pesticide Safety Education Coordinator at the University of Idaho.
cereal leaf beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: April 23, 2007 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Brad Brown from the UI Parma Research and Extension Center is reporting he has found a large number of cereal leaf beetle eggs in the first planted spring oats. Spring planted small grains are preferred by CLB over winter planted small grains. It is not too early to scout for CLB eggs as an indication of potential larvae populations.
Stripe Rust and Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: April 19, 2007 by Jerry Neufeld
According to Dr. Brad Brown, from the U of I Parma Research and Extension Center, most spring wheat varieties planted in the Treasure Valley have good stripe rust resistance; however, this does not preclude the need for field scouting to determine actual rust conditions in your fields. This is particularly true if you are growing a small grain variety that is not commonly grown in our area and you are not sure of its stripe rust susceptibility. Basically, it is not too early to scout for stripe rust, especially in your earliest fall planted winter grain fields. Any rust incidence should be reported to Brad at 722-6701, ext 216 or Jerry Neufeld at 459-6003.
When you are scouting for stripe rust, you should also be on the lookout for Cereal Leaf Beetle eggs. Some CLB adults are evident in local grain fields, but not in very high numbers. In his scouting Brad hasn’t found any CLB eggs yet. The egg count is what is used for a spray threshold.
stripe rust
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: April 18, 2007 by Jerry Neufeld
Predictions earlier this year for stripe rust in small grains were for low levels of disease. However, recent weather conditions have favored the development of rust in areas where it is endemic. While this does NOT mean we will see the disease in our area, we will continue to monitor the spread of stripe rust in the PNW. Alerts will be posted as needed to the following websites: http://www.ag.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/ and PNWPestAlert.net.
If you should see any rust development, PLEASE REPORT THE LOCATION AND VARIETY AFFECTED to Juliet Windes (jwindes@uidaho.edu) 208-529-8376, Chad Jackson (chadj@uidaho.edu), Tod Shelman(tshelman@uidaho.edu) (both at 208-397-4181) or to your local county extension educator. By tracking the disease, we can post timely alerts and provide growers with the most current recommendations for control, should that be necessary.
Juliet Windes Cereals Agronomist and Pathologist University of Idaho, Aberdeen and Idaho Falls.
Stripe Rust
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: June 23, 2006 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Brad Brown, Crop Management Specialist, at the U of I Parma Research and Extension Center has found very low levels of stripe rust infection in spring barley on the Parma station. He has found rust in Colter and 1550 and somewhat less in Baronesse and 451H barley. He has also found stripe rust in spring wheat. It is low enough infection, and sufficiently late that it likely will not be of consequence for production, except possibly in the most susceptible varieties that were planted particularly late.
Stripe Rust in Wheat - Ririe, ID
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Posted on: June 9, 2006 by Juliet Windes
A 5-acre field of Moreland hard red winter wheat in Ririe, ID, has stripe rust. This site is about 100 miles north-northeast of the last confirmed location. Please scout susceptible varieties often! The ten-day forecast predicts stormy, cooler weather that will be conducive to stripe rust spread and infection. Right now, spring wheat will be especially vulnerable. You can report new locations and varieties affected by calling Juliet Windes at 208-529-8376 or emailing jwindes@uidaho.edu. This is only to allow us to track the spread and infection of varieties and to alert growers in affected areas for the potential need to apply fungicides. For control recommendations and pictures please visit our website at http://www.ag.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/
Stripe Rust in Wheat
Small Grains Magic Valley
Posted on: June 5, 2006 by Juliet Windes
Stripe rust has been reported now infecting the HRW Moreland in the Rupert / Paul area. Reports of low levels of stripe rust in Brundage SWW have indicated attenuated progression of the disease with higher temperatures. Continue to scout susceptible varieties, such as Deloris and Moreland, and scouting of susceptible spring wheat varieties should also be done at least twice a week.
Stripe Rust
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Posted on: June 1, 2006 by Juliet Windes
Stripe rust was found in two fields at the Aberdeen Research and Extension Center, both incidents were on Deloris hard red winter wheat. Small pustules were found on tips of flag leaves on two plants within the one field. While not (yet) extensive, this indicates inoculum is present in the area, and known susceptible varieties should be scouted regularly.
Stripe Rust in Weston, ID, on Utah 100
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Posted on: May 30, 2006 by Juliet Windes
This is a follow up to Friday's report of stripe rust in irrigated Moreland HRW in Weston, ID. The grower reports stripe rust now in dryland Utah 100 HRW. Last Thursday, I saw chlorotic areas in Utah 100, but no active pustules. The infection was about a week behind that in the irrigated fields. Conditions over the holiday weekend were conducive to stripe rust spread and infection. PLEASE scout susceptible varieties and report occurences of stripe rust to your local county extension personnel.
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Posted on: May 25, 2006 by Juliet Windes
Larvae of the Cereal Leaf Beetle were numerous in dryland winter wheat in the Weston area of Southeast Idaho. In some cases, five or more larvae were visible per plant. See the previous Alert posted by Kelly Tindall for recommended threshold levels for application of insecticides.
Stripe Rust
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Posted on: May 25, 2006 by Juliet Windes
Stripe rust was first seen in the Weston area on Monday, the 22nd of May. It was confirmed today, May 25th, and samples were taken in irrigated Moreland, hard red winter wheat. No pustules were visible on dryland wheat (Utah 100). Although current levels were at about 5-10% leaf area affected, most of the plants had stippling and chlorotic areas indicating a severe infection was still latent. Additional information is available at http://www.ag.uidaho.edu/scseidaho/
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains Magic Valley
Posted on: May 16, 2006 by Kelly Tindall
Cereal leaf beetle adults are emerging in the Magic Valley. Eggs in sufficient numbers to warrant treatment have been found in Twin Falls County. You should look for stripping of the leaves or adult activity when in the field. Adults are 1⁄4 to 3⁄8 inch, with a metallic blue head and wing covers. Behind the head (pronotum) is reddish and they have yellow-orange legs. Females lay yellowish to brownish colored, oval shaped eggs singly or in pairs and larvae begin to hatch 11 days after the eggs are laid. Larvae are yellow to yellow-brown with a dark mass of slimy fecal material on their backs. Both larvae and adults cause similar damage. Treat when there are three larvae or eggs per plant up to the boot stage. After boot, treat at one larva per flag leaf.
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: April 25, 2006 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Brad Brown from the U of I Parma Research and Extension Center was scouting a Cereal Leaf Beetle insectary yesterday and found a few CLB flying and signs of adult feeding on the leaves. He also found eggs on about 5% of the plants. The eggs were in early spring planted oats and not in adjoining winter oats that were further along in development. It is not too early to scout for CLB eggs as an indication of potential populations of the larvae.
Stripe Rust in Small Grains
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: April 11, 2006 by Jerry Neufeld
Recent weather conditions in the Pacific Northwest are once again favorable for the development of stripe rust in small grains. Diana Roberts, PhD, Area Extension Agronomist with Washington State University predicted stripe rust presence from a forecasting model based on winter temperatures. The results were presented by Scott Yates in his article “Rust Expected to Hit Later This Year” in the Capital Press (February 24, 2006). The forecast results indicate that stripe rust will likely develop on susceptible varieties as severely as last year.
Although the forecast model indicates as equally severe stripe rust for 2006 as it was in 2005, Dr. Roberts says the disease will most likely start at least 2-3 weeks later in 2006. This is because of the following two factors. First, due to the lack of moisture last fall during planting time many winter wheat fields were planted in late October. The late plantings should have reduced stripe rust infection before the winter. Second, the cold weather last December prevented further development of stripe rust during the winter months. The cold period in mid February has further slowed winter wheat growth and should have also slowed rust development in infected plant tissue. Therefore, based on the forecast model and these considerations, we will likely have another severe stripe rust year in the PNW. The disease will start later than last year and the damage should not be as great as last year because the initial rust pressure will not be as high in 2006 and the growth period for stripe rust development will be shorter. However, stripe rust is capable of quickly developing and spreading if temperatures and moisture conditions are favorable. Recent Treasure Valley weather conditions were similar to those used in Dr. Robert’s stripe rust prediction model.
Most spring wheat varieties planted in the Treasure Valley have good adult plant stripe rust resistance; however, this does not preclude the need for field scouting to determine actual rust conditions in your fields. That is particularly true if you are growing a small grain variety that is not commonly grown in our area and you are not sure of its stripe rust susceptibility. According to Dr. Brad Brown from the University of Idaho’s Parma Research and Extension Center, it is not too early to scout your earliest fall planted winter grain fields for this disease. In addition, Dr. Brown expects later planted spring wheat will be the most susceptible to stripe rust in 2006.
Stripe Rust in Small Grains
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: June 16, 2005 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Brad Brown, Cereals Specialist with the U of Idaho at the Parma Research and Extension Center is reporting that stripe rust in spring grains is developing quite rapidly and we are approaching the growth stages that limit spray options. According the to “2005 PNW Plant Disease Handbook,” Headline and Quadris are the only products that can be used to the ”end of flowering” growth stage. In order to maximize yields in cereals it is important to protect the flag leaf from infection.
According to Dr. Brown, the most susceptible soft white spring cereals in the variety trial at the Parma R and E Center are Penewawa, Treasure, White Bird and Jubilee. If you are growing these varieties and haven’t yet scouted your fields, you should do so as soon as possible.
Small Grains Tour
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: June 15, 2005 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Brad Brown, Cereals Specialist with the U of Idaho at the Parma Research and Extension Center is hosting a Small Grains Tour at the UI Parma R and E Center on Friday June 24, 2005 starting at 10:00 am. This year the tour provides an excellent opportunity to see the differences in susceptibility of various small grain varieties to stripe rust. A hosted lunch will be served at the conclusion of the tour. If you plan to attend, please call Maurine at 722-6701, ext. 228 to reserve a lunch. Mention the “Small Grains Tour.”
Small grains stripe rust
Small Grains Eastern Idaho
Posted on: June 3, 2005 by Juliet Windes
Stripe rust of wheat has been found in Power County south of American Falls. Regional conditions continue to be excellent for disease development, with cool wet temperatures favoring disease infection and spread. Fields of Deloris hard red winter wheat south of American Falls are severely affected (up to 80% incidence in some fields), but both spring wheat and winter wheat fields are beginning to show symptoms. Currently, Brundage soft white winter wheat had a minimal amount of visible pustules (about 1%), and no disease was yet found in Weston. Both Brundage and Weston are usually stripe rust susceptible varieties. The hard red spring cultivar Sunstar King was showing a few pustules in large areas where chlorotic plants were visible, similar to a nitrogen deficient crop. Scout such yellowing areas aggressively for signs of pustule development. More information and pictures will be available on the Cereals Agronomy website at http://www.ag.uidaho.edu/scseidaho. Please ! report infections of additional varieties by emailing Juliet Windes at jwindes@uidaho.edu, or by calling 208-529-8376, ext 13 and leaving a message. We need to monitor the area closely to determine if changes in the stripe rust pathogen have left previously resistant varieties susceptible. Current reactions in the Palouse region indicate that the same races of stripe rust are present that were there last year.
Stripe Rust
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: May 31, 2005 by Jerry Neufeld
Recent weather conditions in the Pacific Northwest have been favorable for the development of stripe rust in small grains. Dr. Brad Brown, Cereals Specialist with the U of Idaho at the Parma Research and Extension Center is reporting that small amounts of rust have been found in spring wheat and barley at the Parma Station. In addition, rust has been found in grower fields in the Parma area. The rust infestation in the varieties planted at Parma was minor and would not require control with a fungicide. Most spring wheat varieties planted in the Treasure Valley have good adult plant stripe rust resistance; however, this does not preclude the need for field scouting to determine actual rust conditions in your fields. That is particularly true if you are growing a small grain variety that is not commonly grown in our area and you are not sure of its stripe rust susceptibility. A pdf file with additional information prepared by Washington State University Agronomist John W. Burns can be found by clicking on the “Crop Info” then “Small Grains” buttons.
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: May 31, 2005 by Jerry Neufeld
Ben Simko, Entomologist with the Idaho State Department of Agriculture has been conducting field work related to Cereal Leaf Beetle at the U of I Parma Research and Extension Center. Ben is reporting that adult CLBs are still mating and laying eggs. In addition, several instars of CLB larvae are finally starting to appear. The cool rainy spring weather we had probably stretched out and flattened the egg hatch peak and subsequent larval instar phenology. This year we haven’t experienced a sharp and distinct CLB egg hatch. Therefore, scouting on spring grain hosts is still recommended over the next couple weeks to assess population levels and potential yield loss.
Small Grains Tour
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: May 31, 2005 by Jerry Neufeld
Dr. Brad Brown, Cereals Specialist with the U of Idaho at the Parma Research and Extension Center is hosting a Small Grains Tour at the UI Parma Center on Friday June 24, 2005 starting at 10:00 am. A hosted lunch will be served at the conclusion of the tour. If you plan to attend, please call Maurine at 722-6701, ext. 228 to reserve a lunch. Mention the “Small Grains Tour.”
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: May 6, 2005 by Jerry Neufeld
Phil Allison from Landview Fertilizer, Inc is reporting that significant numbers of adult cereal leaf beetles and eggs are being found in grain fields south and east of Nampa. Adults are small beetles about 1/4 to 3/8 inch in size, with a metallic blue head and wing covers, red pronotum, and yellow-orange legs. Eggs are never laid in clusters, but are deposited singly or in rows of up to three or four close to the mid rib on the upper leaf surface of hosts. Eggs can hatch in 4- 23 days depending on the temperatures. Larvae are yellow to yellow-brown with a dark mass of slimy fecal material on their backs. Both adults and larvae feed on leaves. Feeding causes a characteristic stripping of the leaves. Economic thresholds are three larvae or eggs per plant, or one larva per flag leaf.
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: April 19, 2005 by Jerry Neufeld
Brad Brown, Cereals Specalist with the U of Idaho at the Parma Research and Extension Center is reporting he has found cereal leaf beetle eggs in spring planted grains. He has also seen quite a few adult beetles in flight. Eggs will hatch in 4- 23 days depending on the temperature and then larvae will begin feeding on the leaves.
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: April 14, 2005 by Jerry Neufeld
The cereal leaf beetle larval hatch will start in the very near future. Brad Brown from the U of I’s Parma Research and Extension Center has found adults on the ground. He has seen a few adults in flight. In addition, Landview Fertilizer field representatives have seen a few adults in grain fields south of Nampa. As temperatures warm up we can expect to see the adults become very active.
Adult Cereal Leaf Beetles will lay eggs in winter grains first. However, as spring grains (oats, barley, wheat) grow larger, the beetles will move to spring grain fields because they are the preferred hosts. Adults are small beetles about 1/4 to 3/8 inch in size, with a metallic blue head and wing covers, red pronotum, and yellow-orange legs. Eggs are never laid in clusters, but are deposited singly or in rows of up to three or four close to the mid rib on the upper leaf surface of hosts. Eggs can hatch in 4- 23 days depending on the temperatures. Scouts should be looking for adults and eggs at this point and not the larvae. Larvae are yellow to yellow-brown with a dark mass of slimy fecal material on their backs. Both adults and larvae feed on leaves. Feeding causes a characteristic stripping of the leaves. Economic thresholds are three larvae or eggs per plant, or one larva per flag leaf.
cereal leaf beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: April 29, 2004 by Jerry Neufeld
Cereal leaf beetle larvae are beginning to hatch from eggs laid in small grain fields in the Parma area. You will want to scout your fields for the larvae since they are now widespread across the Treasure Valley.
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: April 12, 2004 by Jerry Neufeld
Brad Brown from the U of I Parma Research and Extension Center is reporting considerable Cereal Leaf Beetle adult feeding and also CLB eggs in the New Plymouth area in fall planted triticale. He is also finding CLB eggs and adult feeding on spring oats in the Parma area. Feeding is more severe on spring planted oats than on the fall planted barley. Small grain producers should be scouting for the adult feeding and eggs to get some idea of the larvae populations to expect when the larvae emerge from the eggs. The egg threshold is three per plant including all the tillers on the plant. Images of eggs can be found on the CLB reference page.
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: April 7, 2004 by Jerry Neufeld
Brad Brown, UI Crop Management Specialist, is reporting that adult cereal leaf beetles are beginning to emerge and have begun flying around the western Treasure Valley of Idaho. Overwintering adults begin flying and mating when daytime temperatures reach 66 degrees F. Egg laying on host plants will take place within about 10 days of emergence. Preferred hosts are spring seeded small grains, especially oats and barley. Eggs take from 4 to 23 days to hatch depending on temperature. Scouting for eggs early will give you an idea of the damaging larval population you can expect in May.
cereal leaf beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: July 17, 2003 by Jerry Neufeld
Adult Cereal Leaf Beetles are emerging from the soil and feeding on grasses and young corn. According the U of Idaho CIS 994 “Newly emerged adults feed on a variety of material, but prefer succulent grasses, grain, and young corn.” Their numbers can reach several hundred per plant, but rarely cause economic damage because they feed for such a short time (approximately 2 weeks) before they go into a resting stage. Adults feed entirely through the leaf surface, between the veins, in a straight line. There is only one generation per year.
Small Grains Field Day
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: July 1, 2003 by Jerry Neufeld
Brad Brown, Extension Crop Management Specialist at the UI Parma Research and Extension Center is hosting a Small Grains Field Day on Tuesday July 8. Topics of discussion on the tour will be variety performance, malting barley issues, barley fractionation, cereal leaf beetle and other small grain issues. The tour starts at 9:00 a.m. at the Parma R and E Center and will end at noon with a lunch sponsored by the Idaho Grain Producers Association.
stripe rust in winter wheat
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: June 4, 2003 by Jerry Neufeld
Stripe rust has been found in a hard red winter wheat being produced for seed in the Treasure Valley. Stripe rust is not a problem for us in most years. It can be a serious problem when we have inoculum, conditions for infection and growth as we've had this spring, and hosts that lack tolerance or resistance. Most of our winter and spring wheat varieties have moderate to good resistance to stripe rust. Of the most commonly planted varieties of winter wheat grown in the Treasure Valley, the variety we should be most concerned about is Brundage. Brundage lacks the stripe rust resistance of Stephens, Madsen, and Malcolm winter wheats, or Alpowa, Centennial, Penawawa, or Treasure spring wheats. Two fungicides are registered for control according to the Pacific Northwest Disease Control Handbook. Quadris can be applied up to late head emergence and can not be applied within 45 days of harvest. Tilt can be used at flag leaf emergence but not later. Much of our winter wheat is beyond this growth stage so we may have missed our opportunity to use these products. Scouting for Stripe rust is appropriate at this time, especially for varieties that may be questionable as to their Stripe rust susceptibility or tolerance. Brad Brown, Specialist at the Parma Research and Extension Center provided this information.
cereal leaf beetle
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: May 27, 2003 by Jerry Neufeld
Cereal Leaf Beetle larvae are being found in winter wheat and winter barley fields south of Nampa and south of Marsing. This pest is found in grain fields in nearly all areas of the Treasure Valley.
Stripe rust in Wheat
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Idaho
Posted on: May 9, 2003 by Jerry Neufeld
Stripe rust has been found in wheat in Connell WA and Pendleton OR at levels not seen in years. Brad Brown from the UI Parma R and E Center has not seen stripe rust in western Idaho as yet, but he is starting to take a closer look. Brad says "Most of our current varieties have good adult plant resistance but we should be on the lookout nonetheless." Stripe rust flourishes in continued cool rainy weather with wind. We have had some environmental conditions conducive to this pest. Whether it becomes a serious issue for western Idaho remains to be seen but we should be vigilant.
Cereal Leaf Beetle Larval Hatch Starting
Small Grains Treasure Valley - Oregon
Posted on: May 8, 2003 by Ben Simko
Cereal Leaf Beetle (CLB) larval hatch is just beginning in spring grains near Adrian, OR and in winter wheat near Fruitland, ID. Adults, eggs and a few 1st instar larvae were observed in preferred hosts of spring barley but also in Brundage variety winter wheat. CLB counts collected in a Steptoe barley field near Adrian had average egg numbers at 3 per plant. A winter wheat field near Fruitland had average egg levels at 0.8 per stem or tiller. Based on thresholds established in eastern US production areas the barley field has reached an economic threshold but the winter wheat is at sub economic levels at this stage. Fieldmen and growers are advised to monitor populations of CLB and the larval hatch to assess potential economic damage to grain crops. See CLB Reference Page for more information on identification, action thresholds and crop protection chemicals. USDA APHIS staff are looking for a fields in Oregon for potential biocontrol release site of beneficial CLB parasites. For more information contact the Malheur County extension office at 541.881.1417.
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: April 15, 2003 by Jerry Neufeld
Brad Brown, UI Extension Crop Management Specialist, and Bob Trudel from Producers Supply Coop are both reporting they have seen cereal leaf beetle adults and adult feeding damage in small grains. Brad saw the adults and feeding damage approximately two miles east of Wilder.
Overwintering adults become fully active (mating and flight) when daytime temperatures reach 66 degrees F. Adults mate and begin to lay eggs on host plant leaves within 10 days of breaking diapause (spring emergence). Preferred hosts are spring seeded small grains, especially oats and barley. Eggs take from 4 to 23 days to hatch depending on temperature. Upon emergence, CLB larvae will begin feeding on host leaves.
Cereal Leaf Beetles Infests Winter and Spring Wheat
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: June 3, 2002 by Ben Simko
A fieldman with Simplot Soil Builders, Ontario has discovered hot spots of Cereal Leaf Beetle (CLB) infestations in spring and winter wheat near Fruitland, Idaho. In these fields egg hatch is complete with the CLB populations predominately in the medium to large size larval stages. An unusually heavy infestation of over 1 larva per flag leaf was observed in a winter wheat field just south of town. Other wheat fields had CLB injury levels ranging from 10 to 50% infested or damaged flag leaves. Fieldmen and growers are advised to monitor populations of CLB larvae to assess potential economic damage to small grains. At this time it is important to prevent damage to the flag leaf as the wheat plant moves from the boot to heading, anthesis, and kernel filling growth stages. See CLB Reference Page for more information on identification, action thresholds and crop protection chemicals.
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: May 17, 2002 by Jerry Neufeld
Cereal leaf beetle larvae are being reported south of Nampa, near Middleton, and west of Homedale to the Oregon border. Populations are heaviest in spring grains. U of I Extension Soil and Crop Management Specialist Brad Brown has included a "Cereal Leaf Beetle" update in the latest edition of the Cereal Sentinel (http://agweb.ag.uidaho.edu/swidaho.). Information provided by Land View Fertilizer Inc.
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains none
Posted on: May 14, 2002 by Ben Simko
Cereal Leaf Beetle (CLB) larval hatch is beginning in spring grains, including oats, barley and wheat in the Big Bend - Adrian areas. Adults, eggs and a few early instar larvae were observed, particularly in preferred hosts of oats, oat nurse crop in new alfalfa stands and spring barley. Fieldmen and growers are advised to monitor populations of CLB and the larval hatch to assess potential economic damage to their crop later this season. See CLB Reference Page for more information on identification, action thresholds and crop protection chemicals. USDA APHIS staff are looking for a field in Oregon for potential biocontrol release site of beneficial CLB parasites. For more information contact the Malheur County extension office at 541.881.1417.
cereal leaf beetle
Small Grains none
Posted on: May 9, 2002 by Jerry Neufeld
Brad Brown, Crop Management Specialist at the UI Parma Research and Extension Center reports there are many adult cereal leaf beetles in spring barley at Parma. He is also finding a few eggs. He has not yet seen any larvae.
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Small Grains none
Posted on: April 24, 2002 by Ben Simko
Cereal Leaf Beetle (CLB) adults are beginning to infest spring grains, including oats, barley and wheat in the Nyssa - Adrian areas. Adults and eggs were observed, particularly in preferred hosts of oats and spring barley. Fieldmen and growers are advised to monitor populations of CLB and the larval hatch to assess potential economic damage to their crop later this season. See CLB Reference Page for more information on identification, action thresholds and crop protection chemicals. USDA APHIS staff are looking for a field in Oregon for potential biocontrol release site of beneficial CLB parasites. For more information contact the Malheur County extension office at 541.881.1417.
cereal leaf beetle
Small Grains All Locations
Posted on: April 23, 2002 by Jerry Neufeld
Cereal leaf beetle larvae have been found in winter wheat north of the interstate near Meridian. Treat when there are three larvae or eggs per plant up to the boot stage. Although CLB is widespread in Canyon County, there are hot spots south of Nampa and near Kuna. Look for the CLB to move into spring grains in the near future. Information provided by Duane Yamamoto and Producers Supply Coop.
